Results of general linear mixed model analysis.

<p>Results of general linear mixed model analysis.</p

Regression coefficients nCog and FI¹ (H2; H3) for familiar and unfamiliar applications, based on simple slope analyses.

<p>Regression coefficients nCog and FI<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0141790#t003fn002" target="_blank">¹</a> (H2; H3) for familiar and unfamiliar applications, based on simple slope analyses.</p

Affect and Cognition in Attitude Formation toward Familiar and Unfamiliar Attitude Objects

<div><p>At large attitudes are built on earlier experience with the attitude object. If earlier experiences are not available, as is the case for unfamiliar attitude objects such as new technologies, no stored evaluations exist. Yet, people are still somehow able to construct attitudes on the spot. Depending on the familiarity of the attitude object, attitudes may find their basis more in affect or cognition. The current paper investigates differences in reliance on affect or cognition in attitude formation toward familiar and unfamiliar realistic attitude objects. In addition, individual differences in reliance on affect (high faith in intuition) or cognition (high need for cognition) are taken into account. In an experimental survey among Dutch consumers (<i>N</i> = 1870), we show that, for unfamiliar realistic attitude objects, people rely more on affect than cognition. For familiar attitude objects where both affective and cognitive evaluations are available, high need for cognition leads to more reliance on cognition, and high faith in intuition leads to more reliance on affect, reflecting the influence of individually preferred thinking style. For people with high need for cognition, cognition has a higher influence on overall attitude for both familiar and unfamiliar realistic attitude objects. On the other hand, affect is important for people with high faith in intuition for both familiar and unfamiliar attitude objects and for people with low faith in intuition for unfamiliar attitude objects; this shows that preferred thinking style is less influential for unfamiliar objects. By comparing attitude formation for familiar and unfamiliar realistic attitude objects, this research contributes to understanding situations in which affect or cognition is the better predictor of overall attitudes.</p></div

Fit measures for one-factor models.

a<p>Equality of item loadings (and intercepts) relaxed for third item in Spain and Greece. Equality of item intercept relaxed for first item in Poland and for third item in Portugal.</p>b<p>Equality of item intercepts relaxed for second item in Norway and for third item in Spain, Greece, and The Netherlands.</p>c<p>Model includes error covariance between first and second item, equal across countries.</p>d<p>Equality of item intercept relaxed for third item in The Netherlands.</p>e<p>Equality of item loading (and intercept) relaxed for second item in Spain. Equality of item intercept relaxed for first item in Greece, for second item in Norway, Germany, and the Netherlands, and for third item in Germany.</p><p>Fit measures for one-factor models.</p

Sample Profile.

<p>Sample Profile.</p

Correlations among exogenous latent variables in Model vi.

#<p>p>0.05; * p<0.001.</p><p>Correlations among exogenous latent variables in Model vi.</p

Standardized path coefficients Model.

<p>Standardized path coefficients Model.</p

Constructs, items and response modes included in the current analysis.

<p>Constructs, items and response modes included in the current analysis.</p

Fit measures for multi-factor model and structural equation models.

a<p>Relaxations on item loadings and intercepts adopted from one-factor measurement models (see footnotes <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0110614#pone-0110614-t003" target="_blank">Table 3</a>).</p>b<p>Equality restriction relaxed for covariance between Risk Perception and Benefit Perception in The Netherlands (see footnotes <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0110614#pone-0110614-t003" target="_blank">Table 3</a>).</p>c<p>Equality restriction relaxed for regression intercept for Intention in Norway (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0110614#pone-0110614-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a>).</p>d<p>Equality restrictions relaxed for means of Internal Locus of Control in Spain, Greece, and The Netherlands, for Involvement with Health Improvement in Portugal and Greece, for Benefit Perception in The Netherlands, and Perceived Efficacy Control/Regulations in Greece (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0110614#pone-0110614-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a>).</p><p>Fit measures for multi-factor model and structural equation models.</p

Proportion of variance accounted for (R²) structural equations in Model vi.

a<p>R² equal across countries because of equality constraints.</p><p>Proportion of variance accounted for (R²) structural equations in Model vi.</p