Linear systems with adiabatic fluctuations

We consider a dynamical system subjected to weak but adiabatically slow fluctuations of external origin. Based on the ``adiabatic following'' approximation we carry out an expansion in \alpha/|\mu|, where \alpha is the strength of fluctuations and 1/|\mu| refers to the time scale of evolution of the unperturbed system to obtain a linear differential equation for the average solution. The theory is applied to the problems of a damped harmonic oscillator and diffusion in a turbulent fluid. The result is the realization of `renormalized' diffusion constant or damping constant for the respective problems. The applicability of the method has been critically analyzed.Comment: Plain Latex, no figure, 21 page

Theory of Adiabatic fluctuations : third-order noise

We consider the response of a dynamical system driven by external adiabatic fluctuations. Based on the `adiabatic following approximation' we have made a systematic separation of time-scales to carry out an expansion in $\alpha |\mu|^{-1}$, where $\alpha$ is the strength of fluctuations and $|\mu|$ is the damping rate. We show that probability distribution functions obey the differential equations of motion which contain third order terms (beyond the usual Fokker-Planck terms) leading to non-Gaussian noise. The problem of adiabatic fluctuations in velocity space which is the counterpart of Brownian motion for fast fluctuations, has been solved exactly. The characteristic function and the associated probability distribution function are shown to be of stable form. The linear dissipation leads to a steady state which is stable and the variances and higher moments are shown to be finite.Comment: Plain Latex, no figures, 28 pages; to appear in J. Phys.

ANALISIS KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL USAHA TERNAK BABI DI KABUPATEN NAGEKEO

The objectives of this study were 1) to determine the rate of farmer’s income which obtained from pig farming, 2) to analyze the financial feasibility of pig farming in Nagekeo Regency. The sampling method consist of three phases. Firstly determining two districts purposively, Secondly determining four villages sample also purposively, thirdly, determining 41 respondents in the basis of proportional random sampling. The data collected were analyzed using income and financial analysis. The criteria of financial analysis were NPV, Net B/C, R/C, IRR, Price of BEP and PP. The results of this study showed that the average of farmer’s income abtained from pig farming was Rp 18.514.171 per year. The financial analysis shows the NPV of Rp 21.568.664, the value of the Net B/C of 2,06; R/C of 2,88; IRR of 44%; PBP of 1,5 per year; and Price of BEP equal is Rp 3.497.721 million. Based on the results abtained it can be concluded that the pig farming in Nagekeo is already profitable and financially feasible. Therefore, efforts need to be developed and improved. ABSTRAK  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) mengetahui besarnya pendapatan petani peternak yang diperoleh dari usaha ternak babi yang dijalankan di Kabupaten Nagekeo dan 2) menganalisis kelayakan usaha ternak babi secara finansial di Kabupaten Nagekeo. Metode pengambilan contoh dilakukan melalui tiga tahap. Pada tahap pertama dilakukan pada tingkat kecamatan secara purposive (sengaja) dari 7 kecamatan diperoleh 2 Kecamatan Contoh. Penentuan Desa Contoh dilakukan secara purposive (sengaja) dari 26 desa sehingga diperoleh 4 Desa Contoh. Penentuan responden dilakukan secara acak proposional, sehingga diperoleh 41 responden. Data analisis menggunakan  analisis pendapatan, dan analisis finansial dengan menggunakan kriteria NPV, Net B/C, R/C, IRR, BEP Harga dan PP. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata besar pendapatan yang diterima dari usaha ternak babi adalah sebesar Rp 18.514.171 per tahun. Analisis finansial menunjukkan nilai NPV sebesar Rp 21.568.664, nilai R/C ratio sebesar 2,88, nilai B/C sebesar 2,06, nilai IRR sebesar 44%, nilai PBP sebesar 1,5 tahun dan BEP harga sebesar Rp 3.497.721. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diketahui bahwa usaha ternak babi di Kabupaten Nagekeo sudah menguntungkan dan layak secara finansial. Oleh karena itu usaha ini perlu dikembangkan dan ditingkatkan

Decoherence and thermalization dynamics of a quantum oscillator

We introduce the quantitative measures characterizing the rates of decoherence and thermalization of quantum systems. We study the time evolution of these measures in the case of a quantum harmonic oscillator whose relaxation is described in the framework of the standard master equation, for various initial states (coherent, `cat', squeezed and number). We establish the conditions under which the true decoherence measure can be approximated by the linear entropy $1-{Tr}\hat\rho^2$. We show that at low temperatures and for highly excited initial states the decoherence process consists of three distinct stages with quite different time scales. In particular, the `cat' states preserve 50% of the initial coherence for a long time interval which increases logarithmically with increase of the initial energy.Comment: 24 pages, LaTex, 8 ps figures, accepted for publication in J. Opt.

Reflection of light from a disordered medium backed by a phase-conjugating mirror

This is a theoretical study of the interplay of optical phase-conjugation and multiple scattering. We calculate the intensity of light reflected by a phase-conjugating mirror when it is placed behind a disordered medium. We compare the results of a fully phase-coherent theory with those from the theory of radiative transfer. Both methods are equivalent if the dwell time \tau_{dwell} of a photon in the disordered medium is much larger than the inverse of the frequency shift 2\Delta\omega acquired at the phase-conjugating mirror. When \tau_{dwell} \Delta\omega < 1, in contrast, phase coherence drastically affects the reflected intensity. In particular, a minimum in the dependence of the reflectance on the disorder strength disappears when \Delta\omega is reduced below 1/\tau_{dwell}. The analogies and differences with Andreev reflection of electrons at the interface between a normal metal and a superconductor are discussed.Comment: 27 pages RevTeX with 11 figures included with psfi

Steady state of atoms in a resonant field with elliptical polarization

We present a complete set of analytical and invariant expressions for the steady-state density matrix of atoms in a resonant radiation field with arbitrary intensity and polarization. The field drives the closed dipole transition with arbitrary values of the angular momenta $J_{g}$ and $J_{e}$ of the ground and excited state. The steady-state density matrix is expressed in terms of spherical harmonics of a complex direction given by the field polarization vector. The generalization to the case of broad-band radiation is given. We indicate various applications of these results.Comment: revtex, 26 pages, including 3 eps figures; PRA accepted for publication;v2 three typos are fixe

Coherent radiation from neutral molecules moving above a grating

We predict and study the quantum-electrodynamical effect of parametric self-induced excitation of a molecule moving above the dielectric or conducting medium with periodic grating. In this case the radiation reaction force modulates the molecular transition frequency which results in a parametric instability of dipole oscillations even from the level of quantum or thermal fluctuations. The present mechanism of instability of electrically neutral molecules is different from that of the well-known Smith-Purcell and transition radiation in which a moving charge and its oscillating image create an oscillating dipole. We show that parametrically excited molecular bunches can produce an easily detectable coherent radiation flux of up to a microwatt.Comment: 4 page

The capability set for work - correlates of sustainable employability in workers with multiple sclerosis

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine whether work capabilities differ between workers with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and workers from the general population. The second aim was to investigate whether the capability set was related to work and health outcomes. METHODS: A total of 163 workers with MS from the MS@Work study and 163 workers from the general population were matched for gender, age, educational level and working hours. All participants completed online questionnaires on demographics, health and work functioning. The Capability Set for Work Questionnaire was used to explore whether a set of seven work values is considered valuable (A), is enabled in the work context (B), and can be achieved by the individual (C). When all three criteria are met a work value can be considered part of the individual's 'capability set'. RESULTS: Group differences and relationships with work and health outcomes were examined. Despite lower physical work functioning (U = 4250, p = 0.001), lower work ability (U = 10591, p = 0.006) and worse self-reported health (U = 9091, p ≤ 0.001) workers with MS had a larger capability set (U = 9649, p ≤ 0.001) than the general population. In workers with MS, a larger capability set was associated with better flexible work functioning (r = 0.30), work ability (r = 0.25), self-rated health (r = 0.25); and with less absenteeism (r = - 0.26), presenteeism (r = - 0.31), cognitive/neuropsychiatric impairment (r = - 0.35), depression (r = - 0.43), anxiety (r = - 0.31) and fatigue (r = - 0.34). CONCLUSIONS: Workers with MS have a larger capability set than workers from the general population. In workers with MS a larger capability set was associated with better work and health outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This observational study is registered under NL43098.008.12: 'Voorspellers van arbeidsparticipatie bij mensen met relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerose'. The study is registered at the Dutch CCMO register ( https://www.toetsingonline.nl ). This study is approved by the METC Brabant, 12 February 2014. First participants are enrolled 1st of March 2014