Raw data for Experiment 5.

All data from Experiment 5 are shown. The control treatment received a spray without pathogen and the fungal treatment received a spray with Beauveria bassiana GHA. All flies were in cohabiting conditions. Flies received four diet conditions: cornmeal (C) and cornmeal supplemented with three levels of yeast (CY0.5, CY1.0, CY1.5). The assay continued for 12 days. Daily deaths are shown for both males and females. The starting number of flies in each cage are shown in the “initial density” column. The experiment was replicated twice each time with two technical replicates per condition in separate cages (labeled alpha and beta in the cage number column). (XLSX)</p

Sexual dimorphism in survival of <i>D</i>. <i>melanogaster</i> inoculated with <i>B</i>. <i>bassiana</i> strain ARSEF 12460 is affected by mating status (Experiment 1).

Female (orange) and male (blue) survival after control spray (dashed lines) and fungal spray (solid lines) is shown for cohabiting flies, virgin flies, and mated flies which mated for only 24 hours. Survival was followed for 21 days after the spray. Sample sizes per treatment are provided in the legend. The top graphs show model estimates for survival proportions, using four replicates of raw data with 95% Bootstrap confidence intervals. See S1 and S2 Tables for statistical analysis of this data. Bottom graphs show the raw data plotted for the four replicates of each treatment and the means. For cohabiting and virgin flies, females had better survival than males after inoculation. For mated flies, this trend was reversed. In both females and males, virgin survival was higher than mated survival, which was itself higher than survival under cohabiting conditions. (TIF)</p

Yeast supplementation affects sexual dimorphism in surviving infection (Experiment 4).

Whenever yeast supplementation was provided after inoculation, it reduced the sexual dimorphism in survival. When yeast supplementation was provided before and after the spray, there was sexual dimorphism among uninfected flies. The hazard ratio, showing difference in hazard between males and females is largest for flies that received the glucose diet. (PDF)</p

Dietary treatments of Experiment 4.

For each dietary condition, half of the flies were inoculated and half were treated as controls. All flies were reared on a cornmeal diet until age 12 from egg. Then the specific dietary conditions were applied. (PDF)</p

Raw data for Experiment 4.

All data for Experiment 4 are shown. The control treatment received a spray without pathogen and the fungal treatment received a spray with Beauveria bassiana GHA. All flies were in cohabiting conditions. Flies received five diet conditions as explained in S2 Table, receiving different pre- and post- inoculation diets of cornmeal (C), cornmeal with yeast supplement (CY), or glucose (G). The assay continued for 12 days. Daily deaths are shown for both males and females. The starting number of flies in each cage are shown in the “initial density” column. The experiment was replicated three times and each time two technical replicates in separate cages were done for each condition (labeled alpha and beta in the cage number column). (XLSX)</p

Effects of diet on post-inoculation survival of <i>D</i>. <i>melanogaster</i> inoculated with <i>B</i>. <i>bassiana</i> strain GHA (Experiment 3).

Inoculated flies (Solid lines) had an overall lower survival than control flies (Dashed lines) under all dietary conditions (pre/post): cornmeal/cornmeal (C/C), cornmeal/glucose (C/G), glucose/glucose (G/G), and glucose/cornmeal (G/C). There was no sexual dimorphism observed among control flies, but among inoculated flies males (blue) survived better than females (orange). The timing of introduction of a glucose diet affected post inoculation survival. For statistical analysis of these data see S4 and S5 Tables. The figure shows model estimates with 95% Bootstrap confidence intervals from the raw data shown in S9 Table.</p

Raw data for Experiment 2.

All of the data from Experiment 2 are shown. The control treatment is a spray without any pathogen and the inoculated treatment is sprayed with Beauveria bassiana GHA. All flies were in cohabiting conditions. The assay continued for 19 days, and daily deaths are shown (day 1 data is removed due to handling loss). The starting number of flies in each cage are shown in the “initial density” column. The experiment was repeated three times, each time with two replicate cages per condition (see cage number column). (XLSX)</p

Survival post inoculation with <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> is affected by mating status in both males and females (Experiment 1).

Flies were sprayed with fungal suspension (n = 1658, solid lines) or with a control, fungus-free suspension (n = 1626, dashed lines) at age 17 days from egg, and survival was followed for 21 days. In both females and males, virgin flies (pink) has the highest post-inoculation survival, followed by lower survival in flies that mated for a single day prior to inoculation (light purple), and lowest survival in flies that cohabited with the other sex before and after inoculation (dark purple) (see S1 Table for statistical analysis). This figure shows model estimates for survival proportions, which are obtained from the raw survival data (S3 Table, S1 Fig).</p

There was no sexual dimorphism in survival among control flies (Experiment 5).

When flies were inoculated with fungus, there was sexual dimorphism on all diets, but the age intervals and magnitudes of this dimorphism changed with the level of yeast supplementation. When there is no yeast supplement or a little amount of supplement, the dimorphism starts at earlier ages than with higher levels of yeast supplement. (PDF)</p

Level of yeast supplementation affects sexual dimorphism in survival when <i>D</i>. <i>melanogaster</i> are inoculated with <i>B</i>. <i>bassiana</i> GHA (Experiment 5).

All flies were reared on cornmeal diets. After the sprays, flies received cornmeal diets supplemented with varying levels of yeast. See S7 and S8 Tables for statistical analysis of these results. The figure shows model estimates and 95% confidence intervals for the raw data shown in S15 Table.</p