Recognition and approach responses toward threatening objects

Previous research suggests that positive stimuli are often approached as well as recognized faster than negative stimuli. We argue that this effect does not hold if negative stimuli are associated with threat. Based on fear module theory ( Öhman &amp; Mineka, 2001 , 2003 ), we argue that individuals recognize threatening stimuli faster than positive stimuli because of a constant monitoring of the environment for threatening objects. Moreover, based on the assumption of a motivational account underlying approach-avoidance responses ( Krieglmeyer &amp; Deutsch, 2010 ), we assume the recognition then directly evokes a careful and slow approach of threatening objects. Applying a response time task that measures approach movement and recognition times within the same task, we found that individuals recognize threatening pictures faster than positive pictures, but approach the threatening pictures slower than the positive pictures. </jats:p

Führungsstrategien und Personalentwicklung in der Hochschule

In Hochschulen werden Konzepte zur Unternehmensführung entwickelt und gelehrt. Angewendet werden sie jedoch häufiger in Wirtschaftsunternehmen als in Hochschulen. Dieser Artikel diskutiert ein Modell zur Übertragung von Führungsstrategien und Grundprinzipien der Personalentwicklung auf Hochschulen. Als Basis einer erfolgreichen Hochschulentwicklung sehen wir die Vereinbarung von klaren Leitlinien, deren Umsetzung in der Verantwortung von Hochschullehrern und Führungsverantwortlichen liegt. Die Vereinbarung von Zielen auf der Ebene der Mitarbeiter bietet die Möglichkeit der Ausrichtung der Tätigkeiten der Mitarbeiter und des optimierten Einsatzes von Ressourcen. Hochschullehrer und Führungsverantwortliche haben dabei nicht nur Vorbildfunktion; sie müssen ihr Handeln auch transparent und fair gestalten. Darüber hinaus ist die Förderung der Entwicklung der Mitarbeiter eine wesentliche Quelle für die Exzellenz einer Hochschule. 23.06.2006 | Arnd Florack & Claude Messner (Basel

Reaching for the (Product) Stars: Measuring Recognition and Approach Speed to Get Insights Into Consumer Choice

In three studies, an easy-to-apply response time task that differentiates between recognition and approach speed was applied. The results indicate that individuals recognized and approached positive stimuli faster than negative stimuli (Pilot Study). But, when the choice options differed less in valence, approach movement time was a better predictor of consumer choice and willingness to pay than recognition time (Study 1) and a better predictor of consumer choice than self-reports when the choice was made with an affective compared to a cognitive focus (Study 2). Moreover, approach movement time, but not recognition time correlated with other implicit measures

I Am More than Who I Am Here and Now: The Representational Structure of Social, Temporal and Spatial Selves via modified redundancy gain paradigms

The ability to project oneself into an alternative situation is an essential capacity. While research showing that such abilities base human decision making is abundant, the cognitive organization of the self across social, temporal, and spatial domains constituting the basic materials for self-projection is not clear. The current study introduces a new paradigm to gauge the representational overlaps among social (me myself), temporal (me now) and spatial (me here) selves by utilizing a shape-label matching task. Based on the level of redundancy gain effects, we infer a representational structure of social, temporal and spatial selves as systematically organized constructs. Our results showed that the spatial self resides at the core of the self-representation which conceptually extends to the temporal and ultimately, to the social domain, echoing the human developmental stages of self-representation. This novel finding advances the understanding and theorizing of the self-concept as an orderly structured mental construct

Investigating the mechanisms by which selective attention affects subsequent preferences and choice

This object contains research data and analyses of two experiments published in the research paper: "Investigating the mechanisms by which selective attention affects subsequent preferences and choice