Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma with Sarcomatoid Differentiation

Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) is one of the less common types of kidney cancer and generally portends a more favorable prognosis. RCC with sarcomatoid differentiation has a more aggressive clinical course with poor outcomes. Four cases of chRCC with varying degrees of sarcomatoid differentiation were retrospectively reviewed at our institution, and clinicopathologic data as well as clinical courses were reported. Patients with higher degrees of sarcomatoid differentiation and larger tumors at presentation generally had and worse overall survival. chRCC with sarcomatoid differentiation portends a poor prognosis with limited data on systemic treatment options for metastatic disease

Growing Cartoon Trends Pose as Hyper-stimulant to Adolescents that Cultivates Addiction, Impair Creativity, and Inhibits Arithmetic Efficiency

Multiple mental health conditions are now related with social media use. According to numerous studies, social media use is linked to depression, anxiety, and addiction. Some former influencers are now using their platforms to show the pitfalls of presenting oneself as more capable than you actually are. Some platforms have made it more challenging to see the number of "Likes" on a post. Concerns about social media are on the rise, but researchers do not fully comprehend the affects on mental health. Some social media platforms resemble what some academics now call "hyperstimulators." These electronic technologies make it challenging to resist gratifying addictive impulses. According to a significant new theory in neuroscience known as "predictive processing," hyperstimulants may interact with cognitive and emotional processes to cause the observed negative effects. Our youth are inculcated with hyperstimulation from the moment they are born. Changing trends in children's television are including shorter scene lengths to attract viewers and foster an environment conducive to addiction. It hinders children's creativity and interpersonal abilities, and performance in generic activities suffers. The objective of this paper is to assess the addictive ness of these new shows and analyze their effect on the task performance of children

Implementing Disciplines of Neuroeconomics to Study the Causing Factors of Emergence For Adolescent Perturbation and Depression

Major depressive disorder, also known as MDD, is characterized by an extreme sensitivity to negative feedback, possibly related to frontocingulate abnormalities. One of the signs of MDD is a heightened sensitivity to negative input. Electrophysiological responses to negative internal and external inputs are increased in patients with MDD. Using a task requiring probabilistic punishment learning, we explored feedback-related negativity (FRN) in both RD (remitted depressed) and control participants. The bulk of experimental paradigms have been non-social, considering the importance of investigating the functional domain of reward in adolescent depression. In this study, we hypothesize that the processes and concepts of neuroeconomics can fill this gap in the existing scope of research. We will explore a social incentive model that is used to explain teenage depression vulnerability. This model was created to encapsulate how adolescent suicide is more prevalent than adult suicide. Next, we demonstrate how the study of neuroeconomics has the potential to improve the accuracy of this model by providing the means to research the mechanisms of social interactions that either contribute to the maintenance of depression or put individuals at risk for developing it. We offer a neureoeconomic model of adolescent depression as a result. According to this paradigm, depression is a disruption of the incentive and reward exchange that occurs between interpersonal ties. This model is designed to serve as a roadmap for future study

Management and Excision of a 15 cm Paratesticular Angiolipoma

Paratesticular tumors are rare and often benign causes of scrotal masses. Intrascrotal angiolipomas are an uncommon paratesticular tumor that has seldom been reported in the literature. This report describes a 77 year old man who presented with a 15 cm extratesticular mass. The mass was removed due to increasing discomfort and specimen pathology confirmed it as an angiolipoma. This case highlights the feasibility of conservative management for slow growing masses, such as angiolipomas

Patient with antiphospholipid syndrome presenting with testicular torsion-like symptoms

Testicular torsion, a urological emergency, occurs due to absence of testicular blood supply secondary to a mechanical twist of the spermatic cord. The authors describe a 28-year-old male who presented with torsion symptoms, first in the left testicle and four months later in the right testicle. Doppler ultrasound and surgical exploration revealed disruption of blood flow but no evidence of spermatic cord twisting. Additionally, physical examination findings at the time of presentation were inconsistent with testicular torsion. Hematologic workup revealed triple positive antiphospholipid syndrome as the cause of testicular ischemia. The patient was successfully treated with aspirin and therapeutic heparin

New Paradigms for Cytoreductive Nephrectomy

The role of CN in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has been studied over the course of the past few decades. With the advent of immuno-oncologic (IO) agents, there has been a paradigm shift in the treatment of RCC. Within this new era of cancer care, the role of CN is unclear. There are several studies currently underway that aim to assess the role of CN in combination with these therapies. We reviewed articles examining CN, both historically and in the modern immunotherapy era. While immune-oncologic agents are relatively new and large clinical trials have yet to be completed, data thus far is promising that CN may provide clinical benefit. Multiple ongoing trials may clarify the role of CN in this new era of cancer care

Massive Malignant Epithelioid Angiomyolipoma of the Kidney

Renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs) are a subset of perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms (PEComas) that are associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Epithelioid angiomyolipomas (EAMLs) are a rare variant of AML with more aggressive propensities. EAMLs with malignant potential can be difficult to distinguish from relatively benign AMLs and other renal tumors. Although there are no established criteria for predicting EAML malignancy, there are proposed histologic parameters that are associated with higher tumor risk. EAML can be treated with surgical resection as well as mTOR inhibitors. Here, we present a unique case of a patient with a 36-cm renal EAML metastatic to the lungs that was treated with complete surgical resection of the primary lesion and mTOR inhibition