Surgical treatment for endocarditis in Iceland 1997-2013

Efst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinnInngangur: Opna hjartaaðgerð getur þurft að gera í alvarlegum tilfellum hjartaþelsbólgu. Tilgangur þessarar rannsóknar var að kanna árangur skurðaðgerða við hjartaþelsbólgu á Íslandi en slík rannsókn hefur ekki birst áður. Efniviður og aðferðir: Afturskyggn rannsókn á sjúklingum sem gengust undir hjartalokuaðgerð vegna hjartaþelsbólgu á Landspítala 1997-2013. Leitað var að sjúklingum í rafrænum kerfum Landspítala og upplýsingar fengnar úr sjúkraskrám. Heildarlifun var reiknuð með aðferð Kaplan-Meier og var meðaleftirfylgni 7,2 ár. Niðurstöður: Af 179 sjúklingum sem greindust með hjartaþelsbólgu á rannsóknartímabilinu gengust 38 (21%) undir skurðaðgerð. Tveimur sjúklingum var sleppt þar sem sjúkraskrár þeirra fundust ekki. Rannsóknarþýðið samanstóð því af 36 sjúklingum. Aðgerðum fjölgaði jafnt og þétt á rannsóknartímabilinu, eða úr 8 aðgerðum fyrstu 5 árin í 21 þau síðustu ((gagnlíkindahlutfall, OR – odds ratio; öryggisbil, CI – confidence interval) OR: 1,12, 95% CI: 1,05-1,21, p=0,002). Blóðræktanir voru jákvæðar hjá 81% sjúklinga og ræktaðist oftast S. aureus (19%). Þrír sjúklingar höfðu fyrri sögu um hjartaskurðaðgerð og 5 höfðu sögu um misnotkun fíkniefna. Algengustu staðsetningar sýkingar voru í ósæðarloku (72%) og míturloku (28%). Hjartaloku var skipt út í 35 tilvikum, í 14 tilvika með ólífrænni loku og í 21 tilviki með lífrænni loku. Tvær míturlokur var hægt að gera við. Algengustu fylgikvillar eftir aðgerð voru hjartadrep (35%), öndunarbilun (44%) og enduraðgerð vegna blæðingar (25%). Fjórir sjúklingar létust innan 30 daga frá aðgerð (11%) og 5 og 10 ára lifun var 59% og 49%. Umræða: Fimmti hver sjúklingur með hjartaþelsbólgu á Íslandi þurfti á hjartalokuaðgerð að halda, langoftast ósæðarloku- eða míturlokuskipti. Árangur er sambærilegur við erlendar rannsóknir en fylgikvillar eru tíðir, 30 daga dánartíðni hærri og langtímalifun lakari en eftir hefðbundnar lokuskiptaaðgerðir. Materials and methods: Retrospective nation-wide study of pa­­tients that underwent open-heart surgery for infective endocarditis at Landspitali University Hospital in 1997-2013. Variables were collected from hospital charts. Long-term survival was analysed using Kaplan- Meier methods. Mean follow-up time was 7.2 years. Results: Out of 179 patients diagnosed with endocarditis, 38 (21%) ­underwent open heart surgery. Two patients were excluded due to missing information leaving 36 patients for analysis. The number of operations steadily increased, or from 8 to 21 during the first and last 5-years of the study period (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05-1.21, p=0.002). The most common pathogen was S. aureus and 81% (29/36) of the patients had positive blood cultures. Three patients had history of previous cardiac surgery and five had history of intravenous drug abuse. The aortic valve was most often infected (72%), followed by the mitral valve (28%). The infected valve was replaced in 35 cases 14 with a mechanical prosthesis and 20 with a bioprosthesis. In addition two mitral valves were repaired. Postoperative complications included perioperative myocardial infarction (35%), respiratory failure (44%) and reoperation for bleeding (25%). Thirty-day mortality was 11% (4 patients) with 5- and 10-year survival of 59% and 49%, respectively. Conclusion: One out of five patients with endocarditis underwent surgery, most commonly aortic or mitral valve replacement. Outcomes were comparable to other studies. In comparison to elective valve replace­ment surgery the rate of post-operative complications and 30-day mortality were higher and long-term survival was less favorable

Major cardiac rupture following surgical treatment for deep sternal wound infection.

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Files. This article is open access.We report a case of an 80-year old male patient who sustained a major rupture of the right ventricle after surgical revision of an infected sternotomy wound following coronary artery bypass surgery. The rupture of the right ventricle occurred despite an early wound debridement and the use of negative pressure wound therapy on the sternum that did not provide sufficient stability to the sternum after the sternal wires were removed. The rupture resulted in a major bleeding but by establishing emergent cardiopulmonary bypass, the patient was saved

Review on coronary artery disease - Part II: Medical treatment, percutaneous interventions and myocardial revascularization

Efst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkin

Mediastinal parathyroid cyst - a case report.

Efst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinnAlgengustu fyrirferðir í framanverðu miðmæti eru góðkynja æxli í hóstarkirtli en illkynja fyrirferðir eru líka vel þekktar. Hér er lýst tæplega sextugri konu með vaxandi kyngingaróþægindi og fyrirferð á hálsi. Tölvusneiðmyndir sýndu tæplega 6 cm stóra vel afmarkaða vökvafyllta blöðru ofarlega í framanverðu miðmæti. Blaðran var fjarlægð með skurðaðgerð og reyndist vera góðkynja kalkkirtlablaðra. Kyngingareinkenni hurfu en mælingar á kalkvaka og kalsíum í sermi bæði fyrir og eftir aðgerð voru eðlilegar. Kalkkirtlablöðrur í miðmæti eru afar sjaldgæfar en innan við 100 tilfellum hefur verið lýst í heiminum. Lýst er fyrsta íslenska tilfellinu.____________________________________The most common causes of mediastinal masses are thymomas, lymphomas and neuromas. Mediastinal cysts, such as bronchogenic cysts, which are usually benign, are less common. We report the case of a 59-year-old woman with a history of progressive dysphagia. A computed tomography scan revealed a cystic lesion in the anterior mediastinum. The cyst was surgically resected and turned out to be a benign parathyroid cyst. The patient's symptoms disappeared after surgical removal. Both the serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels were normal before, and after surgery. Parathyroid cysts are rare lesions of the mediastinum and only around 100 cases have been reported in literature. Here we report the first case of a mediastinal parathyroid cyst in Iceland

Outcomes of acute type A aortic dissection repairs in Iceland

Efst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinnInngangur: Ósæðarflysjun í brjóstholshluta ósæðar er lífshættulegur sjúkdómur sem krefst flókinnar meðferðar þar sem tíðni fylgikvilla er há. Tilgangur þessarar rannsóknar var að kanna árangur skurðaðgerða sem framkvæmdar hafa verið á Íslandi vegna bráðrar ósæðarflysjunar af Stanford-gerð A en slík rannsókn hefur ekki verið gerð áður hérlendis. Efniviður og aðferðir: Afturskyggn rannsókn á 45 sjúklingum (meðalaldur 60,7 ár, 68,9% karlar) sem gengust undir aðgerð vegna bráðrar ósæð- arflysjunar af gerð A á Landspítala frá 1992 til 2014. Úr sjúkraskrám var safnað saman breytum sem tengdust heilsufarssögu, aðgerðartengdum þáttum og fylgikvillum. Heildarlifun var reiknuð með aðferð Kaplan-Meier en meðaltal eftirfylgdar var 55,6 mánuðir. Niðurstöður: Alls voru gerðar 45 aðgerðir á tímabilinu þar sem tæplega þrír fjórðu aðgerða (73,3%) voru framkvæmdar á seinni hluta rannsóknartímabilsins. Tæplega helmingur (46,7%) sjúklinga voru í losti við komu á sjúkrahús og 26,7% höfðu blóðþurrðareinkenni til líffæra. Fjölskyldusaga um ósæðarflysjun var til staðar hjá 15,5% sjúklinga. Ósæðinni var skipt út með Dacron®-gerviæð í 86,7% tilfella, hjá tæplega þriðjungi sjúklinga þurfti að skipta út ósæðarrót og hjá 31,1% sjúklinga var blóðrás stöðvuð í kælingu. Meiriháttar fylgikvillar greindust eftir aðgerð hjá 60,1% sjúklinga þar sem enduraðgerð vegna blæðingar (29,3%) og heilablóðfall (14,6%) voru algengastir. Tíu sjúklingar létust innan 30 daga frá aðgerð (22,2%). Lifun 5 og 10 árum frá aðgerð var 71,4 ± 8,2% og 65,4 ± 9,4%. Ályktun: Aðgerðum vegna ósæðarflysjunar í rishluta ósæðar hefur fjölgað umtalsvert á síðastliðnum áratug hér á landi. Fylgikvillar eru tíðir, sérstaklega enduraðgerðir, en dánartíðni skemmri en 30 daga og langtímalifun eru sambærilegar við erlendar rannsóknir.Objectives: Acute type A aortic dissection is a life-threatening disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Treatment is challenging and requires emergency surgery. This study presents for the first time the short- and long-term outcome of acute type A aortic dissection repairs in Iceland. Materials and methods: A retrospective review of 45 patients (mean age 60.7 ± 13.9 years, 68.9% male) treated for type A aortic dissection at Landspitali University Hospital between 1992 and 2014. Data was gathered from medical records about known risk factors, presenting symptoms, type of procedure, complications and operative mortality. Results: Out of 45 operations the majority (73.3%) was performed in the second half of the study period. Nearly all patients presented with chest pain and 46.7% were in shock on arrival. Malperfusion syndrome was apparent in 26.7% of cases. A variety of operative methods were used, including hypothermic circulatory arrest in 31.1% of the cases and one-third of patients needed aortic root replacement. Reoperation rate for postoperative bleeding was 29.3% and perioperative stroke occurred in 14.6% of patients. The 30-day mortality rate was 22.2% (10 patients) and 5- and 10-year survival was 71.4 ± 8.2% and 65.4 ± 9.4%, respectively. Conclusions: The short-term outcomes of surgical repair for acute type A aortic dissection in Iceland is comparable to neighbouring countries, including 30-day mortality and long-term survival. Complications, however, are common, especially reoperations for bleeding

Surgical outcome of mitral valve repair in Iceland 2001-2012.

Efst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinnVægur míturlokuleki er meðhöndlaður með lyfjum en við alvarlegan leka þarf að beita skurðaðgerð, en viðgerðir með hjartaþræðingartækni eru í örri þróun. Míturlokuviðgerðir hafa rutt sér til rúms í stað lokuskipta. Lokublöðin eru lagfærð og komið fyrir míturlokuhring. Rannsóknir hafa sýnt að snemmkominn árangur og langtímalifun eru umtalsvert betri eftir viðgerð en lokuskipti. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Objectives: To review, for the first time, the outcome of mitral valve repair operations in Iceland. Material and methods: A retrospective study of all mitral valve repair patients (average age 64 yrs, 74% males) operated in Iceland 2001-2012. All 125 patients had mitral regurgitation; either due to degenerative disease (56%) or functional regurgitation (44%). Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The median follow-up time was 3.9 years Results: The number repair-procedures increased from 39 during the first half of the study period to 86 during the latter period. The mean EuroSCORE was 12.9% and 2/3 of the patients were in NYHA class III/IV. Half of them had severe mitral regurgitation, 12% had a recent myocardial infarction, and 10% a history of previous cardiac surgery. A ring annuloplasty was performed in 98% of cases, a posterior leaflet resection was done in 51 patients (41%), 28 received artificial chordae (Goretex®) and 7 an Alfieri-stitch. Concomitant cardiac surgery was performed in 83% of cases, where coronary artery bypass (53%), Maze-procedure (31%) or aortic valve replacement (19%) were most common. Major complications occurred in 56% of the cases and minor complications were noted in 71% of cases. Two patients later required mitral valve replacement. Eight patients died within 30 days (6%) and 5-year overall survival was 79%; or 84% and 74% for the degenerative and functional groups, respectively. Conclusions: The number of mitral valve repairs in Iceland increased significantly over the study period. Complications are common but operative mortality and long-term survival is similar to that reported in studies from other countries

Outcome of myocardial revascularisation in Iceland

Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/Open Allur texti - Full textIn Iceland over 3500 coronary artery bypass operations have been performed, both On-Pump, using cardiopulmonary bypass and Off-Pump, surgery on a beating heart. The aim was to study their outcome. This was a retrospective study on 720 consecutive patients who underwent surgical revascularisation at Landspítali-The National University Hospital of Iceland between 2002-2006; 513 On-Pump and 207 Off-Pump patients. Complications and operative mortality (<30 days) were compared between the groups and predictors of survival identified using multivariate analysis. The number of males was significantly higher in the On-Pump group, but other risk factors of coronary artery disease, including age and high body mass index, were comparable, as were the number of distal anastomoses and EuroSCORE. The Off-Pump procedure took 25 minutes longer on average and chest tube output was significantly increased, but the amount of transfusions administered was similar. The rate of minor complications was higher in the On-Pump group. Of the major complications, stroke rates were similar in both groups (2%) but the rate of reoperation for bleeding was higher in the On-Pump group. Mean length of hospital stay was one day longer for On-Pump patients but operative mortality was similar for both groups (4% vs. 3%, p=0.68) as was 5 year survival (92% in both groups). In multivariate analysis both EuroSCORE and age predicted outcome of operative mortality and long term survival but type of surgery (On-Pump vs. Off-Pump) was not a predictive variant. Outcome of myocardial revascularisation in Iceland is good as regards operative mortality and long term survival. This applies to both conventional On-Pump and Off-Pump procedures.Inngangur: Á Íslandi hafa verið framkvæmdar um 3500 kransæðahjáveituaðgerðir, annað hvort með hjarta- og lungnavél (HLV) eða á sláandi hjarta (SH). Tilgangur rannsóknarinnar var að kanna árangur þessara aðgerða hér á landi. Efniviður og aðferðir: Rannsóknin var afturskyggn og náði til 720 sjúklinga sem gengust undir kransæðahjáveituaðgerð á Landspítala árin 2002-2006 og skiptust þeir í tvo hópa; 513 einstaklinga sem gengust undir aðgerð með HLV (HLV-hópur) og 207 á SH (SH-hópur). Fylgikvillar og dánartíðni innan 30 daga voru borin saman milli hópa og forspárþættir lifunar metnir með ein- og fjölbreytugreiningu. Niðurstöður: Karlar voru fleiri í HLV-hópi en áhættuþættir kransæðasjúkdóma, aldur og líkamsþyngdarstuðull reyndust sambærilegir milli hópa, einnig fjöldi æðatenginga og EuroSCORE. Aðgerðir á sláandi hjarta stóðu 25 mínútum lengur og blæðing í brjóstholskera var marktækt aukin en magn blóðs sem var gefið var sambærilegt í báðum hópum. Minniháttar fylgikvillar voru algengari í HLV-hópi (58% á móti 48%, p<0,05). Af alvarlegum fylgikvillum voru enduraðgerðir vegna blæðinga algengari í HLV-hópi og heildarlegutími rúmum sólarhring lengri. Dánartíðni innan 30 daga var hins vegar áþekk í báðum hópum (4% á móti 3%, p=0,68), einnig 5 ára lifun sem var í kringum 93% í báðum hópum. Í fjölbreytugreiningu spáðu hærra EuroSCORE og aldur fyrir dánartíðni innan 30 daga og langtímalifun en ekki tegund aðgerðar (HLV eða SH). Ályktanir: Árangur kransæðahjáveituaðgerða á Íslandi er góður, bæði hvað varðar dánartíðni innan 30 daga og langtímalifun. Þetta á jafnt við um aðgerðir sem framkvæmdar eru með aðstoð HLV og á sláandi hjarta

Results of operations for ascending aortic aneurysm in Iceland 2000-2014

Efst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinnInngangur: Ósæðargúlpur í brjóstholi er frekar sjaldgæfur sjúkdómur þar sem meðferð er flókin og fylgikvillar algengir. Tilgangur rannsóknarinnar var að kanna árangur skurðaðgerða við ósæðargúlpum á Íslandi með tilliti til snemmkominna fylgikvilla, 30 daga dánartíðni og langtímalifunar, en slík rannsókn hefur ekki verið gerð áður á Íslandi. Efniviður og aðferðir: Afturskyggn rannsókn á 105 sjúklingum (meðal­aldur 60,7 ár, 69,5% karlar) sem gengust undir aðgerð vegna ósæðargúlps í rishluta ósæðar á Landspítala frá 1. janúar 2000 til 31. desember 2014. Sjúklingar með áverka á ósæð eða bráða ósæðarflysjun (acute aortic dissection) voru útilokaðir. Upplýsingar fengust úr sjúkraskrám og voru skráðar ýmsar klínískar breytur, aðgerðartengdir þættir og fylgikvillar. Heildarlifun var reiknuð með aðferð Kaplan-Meier og var meðaleftirfylgdartími 5,7 ár. Niðurstöður: Alls höfðu 52 sjúklingar (51,0%) tvíblöðku-ósæðarloku og 10 (9,5%) höfðu fjölskyldusögu um ósæðargúlp. Helmingur sjúklinga (50,5%) var einkennalaus. Algengasta tegund aðgerðar var ósæðarrótarskipti með lífrænni loku. Tveir þriðju sjúklinga fengu fylgikvilla og voru þeir alvarlegir í 31,4% tilfella. Heilablóðfall greindist hjá tveimur sjúklingum (1,9%) en aðrir tveir sjúklingar létust innan 30 daga frá aðgerð (1,9%). Lifun einu ári frá aðgerð var 95,1%, og var lifun karla betri en kvenna (97,2% á móti 90,4%, p=0,0012, log-rank próf) en 5 ára lifun var 90,3%. Ályktanir: Árangur skurðaðgerða við ósæðargúlp í rishluta ósæðar á Íslandi er sambærilegur við erlendar rannsóknir. Fylgikvillar eru tíðir þótt tíðni heilablóðfalls sé lág, eins og 30 daga dánartíðni. Langtímalifun er góð, en lifun karla er betri en kvenna.Introduction: Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is an uncommon disease where treatment is complex and associated with significant comorbidity. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of operations for TAA in Iceland with emphasis on postoperative complications, 30 day mortality and survival. Materials and methods: A retrospective study on 105 patients (mean age 60.7 yrs., 69.5% males) that underwent operations for TAA between 2000 and 2014 in Iceland. Patients with aortic injury or acute aortic dissection were excluded. Clinical information was collected from hospital charts and long-term survival estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Mean follow-up was 5.7 yrs. Results: Bicuspid aortic valve was present in 52 patients (51.0%) and family history was positive in 10 of the cases (9.5%). Every other patient (50.5%) was asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally. The most common procedure was aortic root replacement using biological prosthesis. Two out of three patients had complications, that were regarded as major in 31.4% of cases, however, stroke was only detected in 2 (1.9%) patients. Two patients died within 30 days postoperatively (1.9%). The overall survival at one year was 95.1%; more favorable for males compared to females (97.2 vs. 90.4%, p=0.0012, log rank test) and at 5 years 90.3%. Conclusions: Outcome following surgery for TAA in Iceland is comparable to studies in neighbouring countries. The complications rate is high, however, the stroke rate was low, as was 30 day mortality. Longterm survival is favorable, and is more favorable for males than females.VísindasjóðurLandspítala, Rannsóknarsjóður Háskóla Ísland

Acute kidney injury and outcome following aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis.

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Files. This article is open access.Most studies on acute kidney injury (AKI) following open-heart surgery have focused on short-term outcome following coronary artery bypass grafting. We reviewed the incidence, risk factors and outcome, including long-term survival, of AKI after aortic valve replacement (AVR) in a population-based cohort.A retrospective review of 365 patients who underwent AVR for aortic stenosis during 2002-2011 was made. AKI was defined according to the RIFLE criteria. All patients requiring dialysis were followed up in a centralized registry. Risk factors for AKI were analysed with univariable and multivariable analysis, and survival was graphically presented with the Kaplan-Meier method.The rate of AKI was 82/365 (22.5%); 40, 28 and 14 patients belonging to the Risk, Injury and Failure groups, respectively. Preoperatively, 37 (45.1%) AKI patients had reduced kidney function. Transfusion of red blood cells, obesity and prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time were independent risk factors for AKI. Acute postoperative dialysis was required in 15 patients (4.1%), and 1 patient developed dialysis-dependent end-stage renal disease. Major postoperative complications were more common in the AKI group (65 vs 22%, P < 0.001). The 30-day mortality rate in the AKI group was 18%, as opposed to 2% in the non-AKI group (P < 0.001), with a 5-year survival rate of 66 vs 87%, respectively (P < 0.001). In multivariable analysis AKI was an independent predictor of operative mortality [odds ratio = 5.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.99-18.91] but not of long-term survival (hazard ratio = 1.44, 95% CI = 0.86-2.42).More than 1 in 5 patients (22.5%) who underwent AVR developed AKI postoperatively. AKI was associated with higher morbidity and was an independent predictor of operative mortality. However, AKI was not a determinant of long-term survival.Landspitali University Research Fund, University of Iceland Research Fund, Helga Gudmundsdottir and Sigurlidi Kristjansson Memorial Fund