Responding to the changing burden of disease for children and adolescents in modern Britain: the RCPCH State of Child Health Report 2017

The Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health published the State of Child Health (SOCH) 2017, summarising the changing burden of disease in UK children and young people (CYP) over the past 20 years. These data show clearly that the three great challenges of our time for CYP are obesity, mental health problems and the impact of poverty and inequality on health. In this review, we summarise key findings from SOCH 2017 and outline key responses the UK must make to improve health and well-being for its CYP

Membrane processes and applications for biorefineries

The chapter provides an overview of membrane applications in conventional and lignocellulosic biorefineries. Driven by the trend towards “white biotechnology” the market and applications for membrane processes in biorefineries are growing rapidly since membrane processes have been identified as energy-efficient and highly selective separation processes in the different stages of biorefining. The applications of membrane processes in biorefineries cover the pre-treatment of the raw materials, the product recovery after reaction and the downstream processing plus in-take water preparation and wastewater treatment. The first part of the chapter will focus on conventional biorefineries using starch and sugars as well as vegetable oils as raw materials to produce bioethanol, biodiesel and biochemicals. In the second part of the chapter the focus is on lignocellulosic biorefineries using e.g. wood and agricultural raw materials. Overall, the chapter demonstrates that membrane processes have a great potential in current conventional biorefineries but also in the increasingly important concepts of lignocellulosic biorefineries