2 research outputs found
Aqueous Route to Phthalocyanine–Fullerene Composites with Regular Structure
Random mixtures of phthalocyanines
(Pcs) with fullerene C<sub>60</sub> are currently exploited as active
layers in organic solar cells.
Therefore, spatially regular Pc–C<sub>60</sub> heterostructures,
not designed so far, are of great interest as molecularly mixed donor–acceptor
phases for further improving the device performance. Here we investigate
the prospects to create such heterostructures by fine intermixing
of π-rich Pcs with fullerene C<sub>60</sub>. Specifically, this
work reports on the mixing behavior of cobalt <i>tetrakis</i>(3-amino-5-<i>tert</i>-butyl)Âphthalocyanine (CoPc<sup>#</sup>) with fullerene C<sub>60</sub>. A composite film (CoPc<sup>#</sup>/C<sub>60</sub> = 1:2, mol) was prepared by the Langmuir–Schaefer
technique from a floating layer with double-decker architecture, where
the CoPc<sup>#</sup> monolayer was interlinked with the C<sub>60</sub> submonolayer by the clustered water. This film was structurally
analyzed and compared with the CoPc<sup>#</sup> film used as a reference.
The latter film is found to be constructed from the 2-stack dye aggregates,
which are assembled in the χ-phase mode, randomly oriented,
and loosely packed. In the composite film, the C<sub>60</sub> molecules
tend to intercalate into the interaggregate voids, making the aggregates
consolidate and align in the vertical direction. Accordingly, the
delamination process, which freely occurs in the pristine dye film,
is inhibited in the composite. All aggregative features of CoPc<sup>#</sup> indicate that both structure and arrangement of the dye aggregates
are determined by water-assisted H bonding via the primary amine groups.
This kind of interaction is of use for tailoring Pc-based frameworks
capable to host the C<sub>60</sub> molecules
Density and Volumetric Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Trimethylamine <i>N</i>‑Oxide in the Temperature Range from (278.15 to 323.15) K and at Pressures up to 100 MPa
Densities of aqueous solutions of
trimethylamine <i>N</i>-oxide (TMAO) were measured over
the concentration range (0.0875
to 4.3251) mol·kg<sup>–1</sup> at temperatures (278.15,
288.15, 298.15, 308.15, and 323.15) K and pressures (0.101, 10, 25,
50, 75, and 100) MPa. Volumetric properties such as apparent molar
volume of TMAO, <i>V</i><sub>Ï•,2</sub>, molar isothermal
compression, <i>K</i><sub><i>T</i>,m</sub>, molar
isobaric expansion, <i>E</i><sub><i>P</i>,m</sub>, and internal pressure, <i>P</i><sub>int</sub>, of its
aqueous solutions were calculated depending on concentration, temperature,
and pressure. The volumetric partial properties of TMAO at infinite
dilution in water (<i>V</i><sub>2</sub><sup>∞</sup>, <i>K</i><sub><i>T</i>,2</sub><sup>∞</sup>, and <i>E</i><sub><i>P</i>,2</sub><sup>∞</sup>) were also determined. The results
were discussed from the standpoint of solute–solute and solute–solvent
interactions