Optimization of Curtis stage in 1 MW steam turbine

When operating at 3000 rpm, small turbines do not require a gear box and the generator does not require complex electronic software. This paper analyses the various geometries of the Curtis stage, comprising two rotor and stator blades with and without an outlet, from the efficiency point of view. Presented are 3D steady viscous flows. The results were compared with the performance of an axial turbine

Various inlet spiral geometries in 1MW steam turbine

In small turbines, inlets can be designed using an inlet spiral. This paper analyses the efficiency of eight turbine variants, including seven with three stator and rotor blades and inlet spirals of various geometries, and one variant with a spiral, three stages and an outlet. This involves a 3D steady viscous flow using ANSYS CFX. The analysis shows that the spiral has a considerable influence on turbine efficiency

Image analysis and processing methods in verifying the correctness of performing low-invasive esthetic medical procedures

BACKGROUND: Efficacy and safety of various treatments using fractional laser or radiofrequency depend, to a large extent, on precise movement of equipment head across the patient’s skin. In addition, they both depend on uniform distribution of emitted pulses throughout the treated skin area. The pulses should be closely adjacent but they should not overlap. Pulse overlapping results in amplification of irradiation dose and carries the danger of unwanted effects. METHODS: Images obtained in infrared mode (Flir SC5200 thermovision camera equipped with photon detector) were entered into Matlab environment. Thermal changes in the skin were forced by CO(2)RE laser. Proposed image analysis and processing methods enable automatic recognition of CO(2)RE laser sites of action, making possible to assess the correctness of performed cosmetic procedures. RESULTS: 80 images were acquired and analyzed. Regions of interest (ROI) for the entire treatment field were determined automatically. In accordance with the proposed algorithm, laser-irradiated L(i) areas (ROI) were determined for the treatment area. On this basis, error values were calculated and expressed as percentage of area not covered by any irradiation dose (δ(o)) and as percentage area which received double dose (δ(z)). The respective values for the analyzed images were δ(o)=17.87±10.5% and δ(z)=1.97±1.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The presented method of verifying the correctness of performing low-invasive esthetic medical (cosmetic) procedures has proved itself numerous times in practice. Advantages of the method include: automatic determination of coverage error values δ(o) and δ(z,) non-invasive, sterile and remote-controlled thermovisual mode of measurements, and possibility of assessing dynamics of patient’s skin temperature changes