Pigmented Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Conjunctiva in a Young Nigerian Female – A case report

Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva (SCCC) rarely presents as a pigmented lesion. This report is on a 32-year old healthy Nigerian female who presented on account of a 6-month history of left ocular irritation with associated increase in the size of a supposed ‘birth mark’ which hadbeen present in the left eye for 6 years. Six years prior to this she had noticed a dark patch in the left eye which had shown no changes until 6 months to the time of presentation when it started to increase in size with associated telangectasia. Examination did not reveal obvious leukoplakia. Histology showed invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva.There have not been many reported cases of pigmented squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva among Nigerians. Such pigmentation might have resulted from secondary acquired melanosis. Of interest in this case is the presence of a pre-existing dark patch at the site of the lesionwhich could have been due to racial melanosis or conjunctiva nevus as there was no prior histological evaluation. A histological examination of some of the supposedly innocuous pigmented conjunctiva lesions wasrecommended.Key words: squamous cell carcinoma, conjunctiva, pigmented, Nigeria

Further Studies on the Utilization of Cocoa Husk in Ruminant Rations

The effect on body weight changes of sheep and goats and digestibility of maintenance rations in which cocoa husk constituted, 0%, 20%, 40% and 50% of the basal ration respectively were studied. These rations were fed to wethers and castrated goats (castrates) in two separate but concurrent digestibility trials. There was no significant change in body weight of both the sheep and the goat. Significant decreases in apparent digestibility occurred in dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fibre and total digestible nutrients. The 40% cocoa husk ration in which cocoa hust existed with maize in the ratio 2:1 appeared to be next best to the control ration for crude fibre digestibility. Apparent digestibility of the crude fibre component of the feed was significantly higher in the sheep than in the goats

Impact of Alcohol Availability and Accessibility on Undergraduates' Alcohol Drinking in Southern Nigeria.

This study is a cross-sectional survey examining alcohol availability and accessibility in some selected universities in Southern Nigeria and its impact on alcohol use. One thousand four hundred and ninety eight hundred students (n=1498) were purposively selected from different spots on the various campuses. Availability and accessibility were measured using the number of alcohol sales outlets within and around the campuses and the freedom students have in accessing alcohol. The alcohol use of students was measured using World Health Organization's Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). The results showed that 792 (52.8%) of the respondents indicated easy access to alcohol while the AUDIT result indicated that 53.3% of the students are high risk drinkers. It is recommended that the government should ban alcohol sale outlets operating close to academic communities and outlets in operation before the establishment of a university should be restricted in the sales of alcohol to students. Counsellors should organise more awareness programmes on the negative impact of alcohol abus