Salivary alpha amylase fluctuation and its correlation with dental stress in children

Salivary alpha amylase was taken into account as an important physiologicalindicator in psychoneuroendocrinological research focusing on stress. Thepurpose of this study was to examine the effect of dental stress on salivary alphaamylase activity, heart rate, and cooperative behavior in children receivingtreatment using local anesthesia. Before that, the suitability of two samplingdevices that allow saliva collection through absorption to a cotton roll(Salivette®-method) or to small cotton pellets (VectaSpinTM Micro [VSM]-method) were studied. In particular, any loss of sAA activity in relation to thesaliva volume absorbed was examined. Additionally, the sAA activity in restingand stimulated saliva sampled from young adults under no stressful conditionwas examined. VSM collected samples showed a non-volume dependentdecrease of sAA activity of about 25%. Salivette requires large saliva volumes toallow an accurate sAA estimation. With cases of limited saliva access, VSM maybe a suitable sampling device. Significant mean changes were observed in flowrate and sAA activity between resting and stimulated saliva. The final modelconsists of two components, the first revealed a positive correlation between ageand sAA while the second one revealed a negative correlation between theinteraction of age × flow rate in its condition (resting or stimulated saliva), withsAA. Both flow rate and age influence sAA activity. Finally, regarding the mainstudy dental treatment that includes local anesthesia evokes changes in salivaryalpha amylase activity. Under the same conditions, heart rate is a rapid indicatorof stress. Based on sAA activity changes, dentally naïve children who receivelocal anesthesia need at least 3 sessions of dental treatment before their stressreactions decrease. The lack of correlation between cooperation and HR or sAAactivity indicates that manifest cooperative behavior is not a reliable indicator ofthe stress that child is experiencing in the dental situation

Aesthetic Treatment of Dental Fluorosis in a 9-Year-Old Girl: Case Report

Background/Aim: Dental fluorosis is a specific disturbance of tooth formation caused by excessive intake of fluoride. The discoloration of teeth is the most common reason for parents to seek treatment. The purpose of this paper is to describe the therapeutic management performed in a 9-year-old girl with fluorosis

Presentation of a Case of Short Root Anomaly in an 11-Year-Old Child

Short root anomaly (SRA) is a developmental anomaly in which the affected teeth present morphologically normal crowns and short, round roots. The exact cause of SRA is unknown. A case of an 11-year-old female patient with SRA is described. The patient presented short, round roots of all permanent teeth but first molars. Maxillary lateral incisors presented severe root resorption and mobility. Treatment plan included preservation of the maxillary lateral incisors by splinting them to their adjacent teeth using a stainless steel coaxial wire. A custom mouthguard for dental trauma protection was also constructed using a computer-aided design - computer-aided manufacturing (CAD–CAM) system in order to fabricate 3D-printed dental casts. At 2-year follow-up, the mobility of maxillary lateral incisors decreased, and the patient’s dentition remained stable. Considerations regarding differential diagnosis, orthodontic management, and treatment options after an eventual loss of teeth are thoroughly discussed

Aetiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Ankyloglossia

This review paper occupies with the frequency, etiology, diagnosis, treatment and the possible complications of Ankyloglossia (AG). AG is a congenital anomaly and its range varies from 0,1% to 4,8 %. There are several methods for the diagnosis of AG. The most popular method is the ‘’Hazelbaker’’, which assesses seven different tongue movements and five appearance characteristics. As far as the management of AG is concerned, there are two options, the ‘’wait-and-see’’ and the invasive procedure. The operator can choose between the frenotomy and the frenectomy. The difference is that in frenectomy the clinician removes the whole frenulum. Few complications have been mentioned, such as ulcers, pain, bleeding and noticeable scar, which were brought on to a second operation

Cytotoxic Evaluation and Determination of Organic and Inorganic Eluates from Restorative Materials

Over the last years, diverse commercial resin-based composites have dominated as dental filling materials. The purpose of the present study was to determine organic and inorganic eluates from five restorative materials using GC/MS and ICP–OES and to compare the effect on cell survival of human gingival fibroblasts of a conventional and a bioactive resin. Five commercially available restorative materials were employed for this study: ActivaTM Bioactive Restorative, ENA HRi, Enamel plus HRi Biofunction, Fuji II LC Capsule, and Fuji IX Capsule. Disks that were polymerized with a curing LED light or left to set were immersed in: 1 mL methanol or artificial saliva for GC/MS analysis, 5mL deionized water for ICP–OES, and 5mL of culture medium for cell viability. Cell viability was investigated with a modified staining sulforhodamine B assay.The following organic substances were detected: ACP, BHT, BPA, 1,4-BDDMA, CQ, DBP, DMABEE, HEMA, MCE, MeHQ, MOPA, MS, TMPTMA, and TPSb and the ions silicon, aluminum, calcium, sodium, and barium. Activa Bioactive Restorative was found to be biocompatible. Elution of organic substances depended on material’s composition, the nature of the solvent and the storage time. Ions’ release depended on material’s composition and storage time. The newly introduced bioactive restorative was found to be more biocompatible