Studies on the Me­chanism of Bile Pigment Formation in Vivo. Part Ⅰ. On the Cor­relation between the Production of Bile Pigments and Functions of the Parenchymal Cells of the Liver.

1. In normal adults and in patients of non-hepatic diseases a transient hyperbilirubinemia occurs after peroral administration of hemolysed blood. 2. In cases of severe anchylostomiasis the serum bilirubin displays a remarkable decrease, and on imposition of hemolysed blood, no hyperbilirubinemia occurs but a relative one may be seen. 3. In patients with highly impaired functions of the parenchymal cells of the liver, neither absolute nor relative hyperbilirubinemia occurs on similar imposition of hemolysed blood. 4. Imposed blood or hemoglobin seems primarily to be phagocytosed by the reticulo-endothelial system. 5. A similar transient hyperbilirubinemia is also seen in rabbits after peroral imposition of hemohsed blood. 6. When the functions of the reticulo-endothelial system are accelerated by administration of &#34;Koha&#34;, even incases of nonimposition of blood a hyperbilirubinemia occurs, but when hemolysed blood is imposed an additional transient increase in the hyperbilirubinemia may be detected. 7. In cases of blockage of the reticulo- endothelial system, this degree in the occurrence of hyperbilirubinemia is somewhat lower. 8. In cases of impaired liver cells by carbon tetrachloride, this decline is especially remarkable, and only a tendency of occurence can be dected. Since it is very difficult to explain this fact only by the co-existing impairment in the reticulo-endothelial system, the decline in the functions of the parenchymal cells of the liver must be placed under consideration. 9. By absorption tests of the intestines and by serological procedures, it is apparent that the perorally administerred hemoglobin may be readily absorbed from the jejunum, under any of these conditions. 10. Consequently, as for the cause of the hyperbilirubinemia occurring after peroral administration of hemolysed blood, most naturaly the reticulo-endothelial system participates, but it is impossible to neglect the part payed by the parenchymal cells of the liver.</p

Introduction for Fisheries and Aquatic Biology

Chapter I. Aquatic Environment. Ken FURUYA and Ichiro YASUDA : chapter_1.pdfChapter II. Biology and Ecology of Aqua-Shere. Toyoji KANEKO, Katsumi TSUKAMOTO, Atsushi TSUDA, Yuzuru SUZUKI and Katsufumi SATOH : chapter_2.pdfChapter III. Aquatic Resource and Production. Ichiro AOKI, Kazuo OGAWA, Taku YAMAKAWA and Tomoyoshi YOSHINAGA : chapter_3.pdfChapter IV. Chemistry of Aquatic Organism and Their Utilization. Hiroki ABE, Shugo WATABE, Yoshihiro OCHIAI, Shigeru OKADA, Naoko YOSHIKAWA, Yoshiharu KINOSHITA, Gen KANEKO and Shigeki MATSUNAGA : chapter_4.pdfChapter V. Relation between Aqua-Shere and Human Life. Hisashi KUROKURA, Hirohide MATSUSHIMA, Shingo KUROHAGI, Haruko YAMASHITA, Akinori HINO, Kazumasa IKUTA, Satoquo SEINO, Masahiko ARIJI, Ken FURUYA, Junichiro OKAMOTO and Nobuyuki YAGI : chapter_5.pdfPart of "Introduction for Fisheries and Aquatic Biology

Introduction for Fisheries and Aquatic Biology

Chapter I. Aquatic Environment. Ken FURUYA and Ichiro YASUDA : chapter_1.pdfChapter II. Biology and Ecology of Aqua-Shere. Toyoji KANEKO, Katsumi TSUKAMOTO, Atsushi TSUDA, Yuzuru SUZUKI and Katsufumi SATOH : chapter_2.pdfChapter III. Aquatic Resource and Production. Ichiro AOKI, Kazuo OGAWA, Taku YAMAKAWA and Tomoyoshi YOSHINAGA : chapter_3.pdfChapter IV. Chemistry of Aquatic Organism and Their Utilization. Hiroki ABE, Shugo WATABE, Yoshihiro OCHIAI, Shigeru OKADA, Naoko YOSHIKAWA, Yoshiharu KINOSHITA, Gen KANEKO and Shigeki MATSUNAGA : chapter_4.pdfChapter V. Relation between Aqua-Shere and Human Life. Hisashi KUROKURA, Hirohide MATSUSHIMA, Shingo KUROHAGI, Haruko YAMASHITA, Akinori HINO, Kazumasa IKUTA, Satoquo SEINO, Masahiko ARIJI, Ken FURUYA, Junichiro OKAMOTO and Nobuyuki YAGI : chapter_5.pdfPart of "Introduction for Fisheries and Aquatic Biology

Epidemiological Observations on Infectious Hepatitis Prevailed in Okayama Prefecture

6246 infectious hepatitis cases treated at 25 hospitals located in Okayama Prefecture during the last six years, 1952 to 1957, were studied mainly from the epidemiological point of view, and the following results were obtained. 1) Infectious hepatitis has been prevailed all over the prefecture since the initial epidemic in 1951. As the mode of epidemic became protracted, chronic and abortive forms were prone to increase in number. The ratio of total patients to infectious hepatitis cases was 1.27 per cent. 2) Extensive infections among villagers were noted in 73 hamlets, and it was presumed that the epidemic has been prevailed over the whole prefecture taking a hamlet, village or a town as unit. Infections among family were noted in 62 families, however, fnrther detailed study in the epidemic areas might show the higher morbidity. It was not certain whether these infections were entirely family or simultaneous infections. 3) As to seasonal occurence, considerable number of cases had onset of the disease during the period of early summer to early fall. 4) As to age, it has ranged mostly from the second to third decade, rather many in children but not rare in the aged. As to sex, predominant in males in general, but considerable differences were seen among hospitals and times. No definite relationship was noted between the epidemc and sex. 5) Throughout the last six years there have been 38.7 per cent of chronic hepatitis cases. In 41.3 per cent of the whole patients presented jaundice in their clinical courses. The fact that the longer the period of the epidemic the more increase increase in anicteric cases was noted. 6) Two year's follow-up studies after the epidemic, showed 209 of relapsed cases in whom 36.4 per cent were icteric. 7) 110 cases has jaundice, which was thought to be infectious hepatitis, in the past. Some of them were presumably reinfections or superinfections but definite conclusion could not be made. 8) 20 cases of fulminant hepatitis, malignant type of infectious hepatitis, and 6 cases of protracted form were studied. 22 cases of them were fatal. Such severe hepatitis patients were seen mainly in males of the second and third decades. 9) 61 cases (0.98%) developed postnecrotic cirrhosis, and 10 cases of them were fatal. 10) Serum hepatitis was noted in 1.6 per cent of the whole patients seen in Medical Services at 18 hospitals in Okayama Prefecture during the last six years, 1952 to 1957. No definite correlation between the epidemic of infectious hepatitis and outbreak of serum hepatitis was noted