THE MUSICAL CONCEPT OF OGUANG JANA IN PARAMBAHAN VILLAGE

Oguang jana is a type of bronze musical ensemble found in Nagari Parambahan, Lima Kaum sub-district, Tanah Datar district. This art is played by four players, each player holding a canang musical instrument (a type of gong family one level larger than the talempong). This art is commonly carried out in various traditional events and other community entertainment. This study intends to examine the musical concepts that exist in the art of oguang. In addition, studies outside of music texts will also be put forward by the author as an effort to get to know this art beyond the resulting musical texts. Research on this object is also based on the urgency of this art. Where this art no longer has a successor and is very rarely presented in various art stages. Therefore, this research is very important for the author. This research uses qualitative methods to describe things related to the text and context of this art

KAJIAN HISTORIS BATU BATIKAM DALAM CERITA RANDAI INDO JOLITO

Randai Indo Jolito dibawakan oleh anak-anak sanggar Alam Takambang di kabupaten Tanah Datar. Randai ini terinspirasi dari peristiwa batu batikam yang terletak di Dusun Tuo Limo Kaum Tanah Datar. Cerita ini berawal dari perseteruan datuak Katumangguaangan dan Datuak Prapatie Nan Sabatang yang berbeda pendapat untuk menikahkan keponakan mereka hingga terjadi pertengkaran hebat yang mengakibatkan seorang Puti Indo Jolito selaku ibu kandung dari kedua tokoh ini harus turun tangan menyelesaikan konflik dengan sebuah sumpah. Sumpah tersebut disahkan dengan ditikamnya sebuah batu dengan keris. Batu tersebut dikenal oleh masyarakat sebagai batu batikam. Objek ini ini akan diteliti dengan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan kajian sejarah atau historis. Penelitian sejarah bertujuan untuk melihat kejadian atau peristiwa yang terjadi masa lampau. Selain itu untuk mengkaji objek batu batikam sebagai sebuah artefak budaya penulis menggunakan teori pendukung yaitu pola tiga dalam estetika paradoks. Tujuan akhir dari penelitian ini adalah menemukan korelasi antara aspek sejarah dalam cerita randai dan makna serta nilai yang terkandung dalam mitologi tradisional batu batikam itu sendiri

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antibiofilm Activities of Backhousia citriodora Essential Oil

The essential oil of Backhousia citriodora, commonly known as lemon myrtle oil, possesses various beneficial properties due to its richness in bioactive compounds. This study aimed to characterize the chemical profile of the essential oil isolated from leaves of Backhousia citriodora (BCEO) and its biological properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial, and antibiofilm activities. Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, 21 compounds were identified in BCEO, representing 98.50% of the total oil content. The isomers of citral, geranial (52.13%), and neral (37.65%) were detected as the main constituents. The evaluation of DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power showed that BCEO exhibited strong antioxidant activity at IC50 of 42.57 μg/mL and EC50 of 20.03 μg/mL, respectively. The antibacterial activity results showed that BCEO exhibited stronger antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) than against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae). For the agar disk diffusion method, S. epidermidis was the most sensitive to BCEO with an inhibition zone diameter of 50.17 mm, followed by S. aureus (31.13 mm), E. coli (20.33 mm), and K. pneumoniae (12.67 mm). The results from the microdilution method showed that BCEO exhibited the highest activity against S. epidermidis and S. aureus, with the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 6.25 μL/mL. BCEO acts as a potent antibiofilm agent with dual actions, inhibiting (85.10% to 96.44%) and eradicating (70.92% to 90.73%) of the biofilms formed by the four tested bacteria strains, compared with streptomycin (biofilm inhibition, 67.65% to 94.29% and biofilm eradication, 49.97% to 89.73%). This study highlights that BCEO can potentially be a natural antioxidant agent, antibacterial agent, and antibiofilm agent that could be applied in the pharmaceutical and food industries. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report, on the antibiofilm activity of BCEO against four common nosocomial pathogens