Keamanan Penggunaan Ekstrak Etanol Singawalang (Petiveria alliacea) Pada Fungsi Ginjal Mencit

Diabetes mellitus is a disease caused by multiple genetic faclors. Extract ethanol of singawalang leaves (Petiveia alliacea) have been used empirically for treatment of diabetes. Until now, there is a little evidence base about a safety of the extract ethanol of singawalang leaves. The aim of this study was to determine the sub-acute toxicity of the Extract ethanol of singawalang leaves on renal function of mice . This research is an experimental study with a completely randomized design. Thirty- two male mice (Mus musculus) were divided into four groups . The first group was the group that given the ethanol extract singawalang leaves at a dose of 90 mg/kgbw, the semnd group was the group that given the ethanol extract singawalang leaves at a dose of 180 mg/kgbw, the third group was the group that given the ethanol extract singawalang leaves at a dose 360 mg/kgbw and the fourth group was a control group that were given distilled water. The ethanol extract singawalang leaves were administered orally, once daily for 21 days. On the day 22th , mice were euthanized and blood have been taken. Blood levels of urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were evaluated. Data were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis . The results have been showed that the mean levels of urea nitrogen in the first group was 19.25 mg/dL , second group was 18.83 mg/dl , third group was 18.37 mg/dl and in the control group was 16.50 mg/dl . The mean levels of serum creatinine in the first group was 0.31 mg/dl, semnd group was 0.32 mg/dl, third group was 0.29 mg/dl and in the control group was 0.29 mg/ dL. The statistical tests have been found that there was no significant difference between control and treatment groups both at the levels of urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels. The ethanol extract of Petiveria alliacea al a dose of 90 mg/kg , 180 mg/kg , 360 mg/kg did not affect renal function of mice

8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine Urine and Total Nitric Oxide Serum in Chronic Kidney Disease

Oxidative stress is essential to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Several markers include 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and Nitric Oxide (NO). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) increased in CKD and had a role in renal impairment progressivity. There are some controversies regarding oxidative markers in CKD patients in several studies. This study aimed to understand oxidative markers 8-OHdG and NO and explained the correlation of both markers in hemodialysis and non-hemodialysis CKD patients. Twenty hemodialysis patients and forty-nine non-hemodialysis patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Urine patients were collected to measure 8-OHdG using the enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) method, and NO was measured from serum patients using the Griss Saltzman method. Based on Bivariate Pearson analysis, there was no significant correlation between 8-OHdG urine and total NO serum in the hemodialysis group (p= 0,510, p>0.05) and in the non-hemodialysis group (p= 0.801, p>0,05). In this study, DNA oxidative marker, 8-OHdG, was not correlated with NO in CKD patients

Chemical analysis of loranthaceae daendropthoe sp. By thin layer chromatography

Loranthaceae daendropthoe sp. had proofen to inhibit myeloma cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo in rat. This evidence will make expectation to use this plant as anticancer. To make Loranthaceae daendropthoe sp. as a modern drug, we must to know about organic compounds of this plant. The organic compounds will used to investigate their activity and mechanism of action. This research is examine this compound of extract methanol Loranthaceae daendropthoe sp. with thin layer chromatography method. The result of thin layer chromatography showed that the extract methanol Loranthaceae daendropthoe sp. content were alkaloid, flavonoid, polyphenol, terpenoid, and steroid

Standarisasi Ekstrak Etanol Centella asiatica dengan Identifikasi Kandungan Asiaticoside, Asiatic acid dan Madecasic acid

Ekstrak etanol centella asiatica juga dibuktikan mampu memperbaiki kerusakan jaringan pada paru tikus yang diinfeksi dengan Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ekstrak etanol 'Centella asiatica menurunkan matrix metalloproteinase-1 dan meningkatkan ti ssue inhibitor of metalloproteinase pada jaringan paru tikus yang diinfeksi Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Data ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol Centella asiatica berpotensi untuk menjadi obat fitofarmaka. Untuk menjadikan ekstrak etanol Centella asiatica sebagai obat fitofarmaka perlu dilakukan standarisasi kandungan bahan aktif dari ekstrak tersebut, yaitu asiaticoside, 'asiatic acid dan madecasid acid. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini dilakukan standarisasi sediaan ekstrak dengan identifikasi bahan aktif yaitu asiaticoside, asiatic acid dan madecasid acid . ldentifikasi bahan aktif di dalam ekstrak dilakukan dengan menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis densitometri dan dibandingkan dengan standar. Fase gerak yang digunakan terdiri dari campuran etil asetat: metanol: aquadest dengan perbandingan 10:2,5:1 ,5; untuk pemeriksaan asiaticoside. Fase gerak untuk pemeriksaan Asiatic acid dan Madecasid acid ierdiri dari campuran etil asetat: Metanol: Aqua dengan perbandingan 10; 2,5:0,5. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan waktu tambat standar asiaticoside 0,55 sedangkan ekstrak Cenfel/a asiatica O,54-, standar Asiatic acid 1 ,06 sedangkan ekstrak Cenfel/a aslatica sebesar 1,05, standar madecasid acid 1,03 sedangkan ekstrak centella asiatica 1,05 Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ekstrak etanol Centella asiatica mengandung asiaticoside, asiatic acid dan madecasic aci

Level of IFN-gamma and lnterleukin-10 ln Tuberculosis Rat Models After Administration of Centell asiatica Extract

Evidence based of centello asiatica as immunomodulator in tuberculosis diseases are unclear Therefore, the further research of centello asiatica as immunomodulator are necessary, through measuring the level of IFN-gamma and lnterleukin-10. Twenty eight male rats infected with Mycoboctetium tuberculosis through intratrachea. After 29 days post infection, rats were divided randomly into four groups.Groups 1,2,and 3 were groups that obtained the ethanol extract of centello asiatica at 375 mg / kgBW, 75O mg /kgBW and l5OO mg / kgBW, during 14 days, per oral and fourth group was the control group that obtained only vehicle. The measurement of IFN-gamma and lnterleukin-10 level were performed by ELISA on the day 15th . The results have shown that the highest mean level of IFN-gamma and The lowest mean level of lnterleukin-10 is the group that obtained the ethanol extract of Centella asiatica at l50 mg / kgBW. ln conclusion, the ethanol extract of Centello osiotico improve immune response of tuberculosis rat models, through increased IFN gamma leve

Neem Gum (Azadirachta Indica) Prevent Oxydative Stress In Diazinon-Induced Rat

Diazinon, an ogranphosphate pesticides can cause tissue damage due to oxidative stress. One can be measure by its metabolit such as Malondialdehyde (MDA). The high level of plasma MDA can be an indication of tissue damage that need treatment. One of oxidative stress prevention and treatment were using antioxidant. Neem Gum, a sap from neem tree containt polischaride that has potential effect as an antioxidant. This study goal was to uncover the potention of Neem Gum as an antioxidant to prevent oxidative stress caused by Diazinon. A total of 30 wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: the normal group (KN) was given corn oil, the negative control (KD) was induced by diazinon 100 mg/kgBW, and the treatment group (KP) was given Neem Gum solution at a dose of 30 g/kgBW, after an induction Diazinon 100 mg/kg body weight. After 8 days of treatment plasma levels of MDA were measure. The Average plasma levels of MDA of KN group was 0,166 nmol/ml, KD was 0,172 nmol/ml and KP was 0,121 nmol/ml. Statistical analisys using one way anova showed significant diference between groups (p<0,05). Neem Gum has prevention effect from oxidative stress caused by Diazinon

Formulation and characterizations of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of extract petiveria alliacea (Singawalang) Leaves

Objective: Formulation of Singawalang leaves extract should be considered because the extract contains a variety of compounds so that there may be a competitor in the absorption process and will cause the absorption of active ingredients in the gastrointestinal decline. One way to increase the absorption and disposition of active ingredients on target organs is to use a nanoparticle formulation. Therefore, this study will conduct research on self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) formulation of Singawalang (Petiveria alliacea) leaves extract. Methods: The systems were developed by investigating the solubility Singawalang leaves extract in various carrier oil, the suitable surfactant, and cosurfactant, construction of SNEDDS of Singawalang leaves extract and characterization of droplet size through particle size analyzer and transmission electron microscopy. Results: The results of this study indicate that the optimum carrier oils for Singawalang leave extract are miglitol and virgin coconut oil (VCO), the compatible surfactant component is tween 80 and the compatible cosurfactant is propylene glycol (PG). The average droplet size is 13 nm and polydisperse index 0,004 and 0,006. Conclusion: It can be concluded, the present study demonstrated that the optimum SNEDDS formulations of Singawalang leave extract are the mixture of VCO, tween 80, PG at ratio 1:8:1 and miglitol, tween 80, and PG at ratio 2:5:3

The Effect of Dandang Gendis Extract (Clinacanthus nutans) on Kidney Histopathological Features of Diabetic Rats Model

ABSTRACT Changes in kidney homeostasis due to diabetes can cause oxidative stress which then caused tissue damage that leads to diabetic nephropathy. Clinacanthus nutans extract is known to contain antioxidants that are reported to play an important role in the body’s defense system against oxidative stress to minimize tissue damage. This study aims to know the effect of Clinacanthus nutans leaf extract administration on kidney histopathological features of the diabetic rats model. A total of 35 rats were induced by streptozotocin which then divided into 5 groups and given Clinacanthus nutans extract with a dose of 75 mg/kgBW, 150 mg/kgBW and 300 mg/kgBW then compare with CMC-Na as control and metformin as standard drug for 14 days. The kidney histopathology was evaluated under a light microscope against the damage criteria that occurred in the proximal tubules of the kidney. As the result the least amout of kidney damage was on treatment group at dose 300 mg/kgBW, followed by extract with dose 75 mg/kgBW, 150 mg/kgBW, and metformin. In conclusion Clinacanthus nutans extract with a dose of 75 mg/kgBW, 150 mg/kgBW, and 300 mg/kgBW can improve the kidney histopathological feature of the diabetic rats model

The Effect of Mixed Liquor Administration on The Johnsen’s Score and The Number of Sertoli Cells and Leydig Cells on The Wistar Strain White Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Abstract To analyze the effect of mixed liquor administration on the Johnsen’s score and the number of Sertoli cells and Leydig cells on the Wistar strain white rats (Rattus norvegicus). A total of 28 rats were divided into 4 groups: C, P1, P2, and P3. Rats were given mixed liquor with different dose, namely P1 (1 ml), P2 (2 ml), and P3 (4 ml) each day for 14 days, then compared to C group which was given 4 ml of distilled water using an oral gavage. Mixed liquor consists of 20% ethanol and 4% methanol. The histopathological features were evaluated by the Johnsen’s score, the number of Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells in cross-sectional preparation of rat testicular tissue with 400× magnification. Datas were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and OneWay ANOVA test with a confidence level of p <0.05. The P3 group had the lowest Johnsen’s score and the number of Sertoli cells, 6.442±0.293 and 5.942±0.674, respectively. A significant decrease in increased dose occurred in the Sertoli cell count but not in the Johnsen’s score. Group P2 had the lowest number of Leydig cells, 6.421±0.360. The administration of mixed liquor caused a decrease in Johnsen’s score and the number of Sertoli cells and Leydig cells on the Wistar strain white rat (Rattus norvegicus)