Dependence of acoustic surface gravity on disc thickness for accreting astrophysical black holes

For axially symmetric accretion maintained in hydrostatic equilibrium along the vertical direction, we investigate how the characteristic features of the embedded acoustic geometry depends on the background Kerr metric, and how such dependence is governed by three different expressions of the thickness of the matter flow. We first obtain the location of the sonic points and stationary shock between the sonic points. We then linearly perturb the flow to obtain the corresponding metric elements of the acoustic space-time. We thus construct the causal structure to establish that the sonic points and the shocks are actually the analogue black hole type and white hole type horizons, respectively. We finally compute the value of the acoustic surface gravity as a function of the spin angular momentum of the rotating black hole for three different flow thicknesses considered in the present work. We find that for some flow models, the intrinsic acoustic geometry, although in principle may be extended up to the outer gravitational horizon of the astrophysical black hole, cannot be constructed beyond a certain truncation radius as imposed by the expressions of the thickness function of the corresponding flow.Comment: 22 pages, 9 figure

A histopathological outlook on nephrotic syndrome: A pediatric perspective

The developing world is observing changing histopathological patterns of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). However, the true burden of non-minimal change disease (non-MCD) presenting as INS remains unestimated owing to a paucity of data on renal biopsies. Data were collected from January 2006 to June 2014 on 75 children up to 16 years of age who underwent renal biopsies for INS. Mean age at biopsy was 11.2 ± 3.7 years. The male to female ratio was 1.5:1. A total of 25 (33.3%) children were steroid sensitive, 36 (48%) were steroid resistant, 10 (13.3%) were steroid dependent and 4 (5.3%) came with relapse of nephrotic syndrome (NS). Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) was the most common histopathological subtype observed in 35 (46.8%) children followed by membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) in 11 (14.7%), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) and mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (MSGN) in 4 (5.3%) each and IgA nephropathy in one (1.3%). MCD was the histological lesion in 19 (25.3%) children. The histopathology established FSGS as the main underlying cause of steroid resistant NS. The study highlights the emergence of non-MCD as the common cause of INS in the pediatric population and signifies the importance of renal biopsies in children with INS

Signifikansi Nilai-nilai Islam dan Peraturannya dengan Ilmu Pengetahuan Modern

Masyarakat muslim dewasa ini menyadari bahwa dirinya merasa tertinggal dari segi penguasaan ilmu teknologi. Sementara barat, lewat berbagai pengembangan dan penelitian yang tiada henti-hentinya didesain untuk semata-mata kemajuan teknologi dan ilmu pengetahuan, semakin berada pada barisan terdepan dalam keunggulan sains. Kenyataan ini amat mengherankan mengingat dalam beberapa abad sebelumnya pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan berada ditangan cendikiawan muslim terlebih pada saat yang sama barat baru saja belajar pada peradaban muslim lewat poros Andalus (Spanyol). Untungnya, sekarang ini sudah mulai muncul USAha-USAha untuk menyadarkan kembali pada proses pencapaian dan penguasaan IPTEK yang lepas dari genggaman generasi muslim pada abad-abad sebelumnya. Sungguhpun USAha itu mengalami hambatan dan rintangan yang tidak gampang. Akan tetapi sebagai sebuah USAha awal, diharapkan adanya kesadaran qur'anik dari masyarakat muslim, bahwa kita harus mengejar segala ketertinggalan itu

A Hardware approach to neural networks silicon retina

The primary goal of this thesis was to emulate the function of the biological eye in silicon. In both neural and silicon technologies, the active devices occupy approximately 2 percent of the space, wire fills the entire remaining space. The silicon retina was modeled on the distal portion of the vertebrate retina. This chip generates, in real time, outputs that correspond directly to signals observed in the corresponding levels of the biological retinas. The design uses the principles of signal aggregation. It demonstrates a tolerance for device imperfection that is characteristic of a collective system. The digital computer is extremely effective at producing precise answers to well-defined questions. The nervous system accepts fuzzy, poorly conditioned input, performs a computation that is ill-defined, and produces approximate output

Tinjauan Hukum Internasional Mengenai Eksistensi Konsul Kehormatan (Honorary Consul) dalam Hubungan Konsuler (Studi Kasus: Konsul Kehormatan Jerman di Medan)

Regarding of the implementation of peaceful relations between countries, which generally marked by the opening of diplomatic relations and in addition followed by the opening of consular relations. Diplomatic relations are political while consular relations is non-political and tends to take care of administrative and commercial issues. To carry out consular functions in a foreign country who establishes consular relations with it, a country appointed the consular officer. Vienna Convention 1963 classifies consular officials into namely Career Consular Officers and Honorary Consular Officers. Indonesia and Germany have officially established diplomatic relations since 1952 and at present Germany representatives in Indonesia consists of an embassy and three Honorary Consuls, one of which located in Medan. The scope of consular relations by Germany Honorary Consul in Medan consists of honorary consulate opening, the appointment of honorary consuls and operational matters of consular relations by the honorary consul. Tasks and functions of the of Germany Honorary Consul in the field are based on the provisions contained in Konsulargesetz which is an affirmation of the Vienna Convention 1963. While the immunity and privileges acquired by Germany Honorary Consul in Medan in carrying out its tasks and functions are very limited. It is recommended for reasons of economy and efficiency, the appointment of honorary consuls may be the right choice for countries that want to open a consular representative at the present time. In carrying out its tasks and functions, Germany Honorary Consul in Medan can enhance its role as a liaison of the business activities between Germany and Indonesia. Therefore, in terms of granting immunities and privileges of the Honorary Consul, Indonesia and Germany should make a special agreement on the matter in order to ensure a honorary consul can carry out his functions without a hitc

Methamphetamine detection using nanoparticle-based biosensors: A comprehensive review

(c) The Author/sDrug abuse is a global issue, requiring diverse techniques for recognition of drug of interest. One such illicit drug that is abused worldwide is Methamphetamine (METH). It is an addictive and illicit substance that severely affects the central nervous system. Similar to many other illicit substances, recognition of METH in biological fluids and in more diverse matrices such as wastewater, is a topic of great interest to the government and law enforcement agencies. With the rise of nanotechnology that relies on exploiting the properties of certain materials at a scale down to their nanometer range in conjunction with aptamers, molecularly imprinted polymers as well as antibodies have gained much attention over the last decade. The scope and appositeness of nanomaterials have significant characteristics that are highly suitable for recognition of illicit chemical compounds such as METH. This comprehensive review focuses on the detection of METH using nanoparticles in real world samples such as biological fluids and wastewater, while discussing varieties of materials used as nanoparticles and that aid in its recognition. It also offers insights into future opportunities and challenges that come with the use of nanotechnology in sensing applications.fals