Stress Can Undermine the Process of Spermatogenesis in Mice

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the effect of stress on the process of spermatogenesis and testosterone levels of mice (Mus musculus) male. Method: This was an experimental study using a completely randomized design. The variables examined were the number of spermatogenic cells (spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids oval) and testoseron levels. Data analysis using oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA), test a small real difference (LSD) 5%, and the kruskal wallis test. This study used 36 mice (Mus musculus) male age 2 months with 20–40 gram body weight divided into 4 groups. The control group (subcutaneous injection of 0.1 ml physiological saline), subcutaneous epinephrine injection group 0.001 mg/20 g BW, subcutaneous epinephrine injection group 0.005 mg/20 g BW, the subcutaneous injection of epinephrine 0.01 mg/20 BB gr. Result: The results show that the analysis of spermatogenic cells (spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids oval), that repeated exposure to epinephrine with different doses showed that there was a significant decrease. The average decline in a row in the treated group (P1, P2, P3) compared with the control group (K0) for spermatogonia was 28.8%, 42.4%, 45.5%, to spermatocytes was 13.7%, 37.4%, 38.9% and for oval spermatids was 33.3%, 44.2%, 50.4% Having followed by LSD 5% found that there were significant differences for almost all groups except the pair P2–P3 groups for the number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and partner groups P1–P2 and P2–P3. As for the blood serum levels of testosterone hormone mice showed no significant decrease. Discussion: Administration of high doses of epinephrine (as stressor) can lead to bottlenecks in the process of spermatogenesis as indicated by decreased number of spermatogenic cells but not cause a decrease in testosterone levels

Playing Origami Enhance the Creativity of School Aged Children

Introduction: Critical period for creativity development happened at school aged. Playing Origami is a stimulation that can be done to develop child\u27s creativity optimally. The aimed of this study was to analyze the effect of playing origami toward creativity development at school age in 4th grade elementary school Krian, Sidoarjo. Method: This study was used a pre experimental and purposive sampling design. The populations were children who age in the sixth until seventh age in 4th grade elementary school Krian, Sidoarjo. There were 41 respondents for this research who met the inclusion criteria. The independent variable was the playing origami while the dependent variable was creativity development of school age. Data were collected by using questionnaire and Figural Creativity test to know the creativity level before and after intervention, and then analyzed by using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with significance level of a£0.05. Result: The result showed that there was an effect of play origami toward the creativity development of school age with significant level (p=0.000). Discussion: It can be concluded that playing origami can develop the creativity of school aged children. Every child should be facilitated by provide a chance, supportt and activity that can improve their creativity development that can be useful for them and other people. Further study was recommended to analyze the effect of playing origami on decreasing stress hospitalization

Curcuma and Honey Increases Body Weight of Toddler

Introduction: Toddler may have poor appetite and picky eater stage. It will influence the children food intake and thereby they loss weight. As a result they may get a growth and developmental disorder. Curcuma honey can increase appetite and influence body weight. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of giving curcuma honey in increasing body weight in toddler. Method: Quasy experimental design was used in this study. Sample was 10 toddlers and divided into two groups. Independent variable was the giving of curcuma honey and dependent variable was the increase of body weight in toddler (1–3 years). Data were collected by appetite and bodyweight observation and analyzed using paired t-test and independent t-test with significance level ofα ≤ 0.05. Result: Result showed that the giving of curcuma honey had a significant effect to increase toddler's body weight (p = 0.001). Discussion: It can be concluded that curcuma honey could increase body weight of toddler by increasing the toddler's appetite. Honey contains high level of glucose and fructose that can help digestion proccess and curcuma contains curcuminoid and asiri oil that help the work of the bile and pancreas, that made the increasing in apetite and fi nally the increasing in body weight

Changing the Personal Hygiene Behavior of Preschool by Reading Stories From Contemporary Books

Introduction: Personal hygiene is an action to maintain a hygiene and body health. This condition must be caring by everyone, because various of desease can happen in lack consequence of hygiene. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of health education with contemporary book story on preschool personal hygiene behaviour (knowledge, attitude, action) at RA Perwanida, Mojokerto. Method: Design use in this study was Quasy Experimental design. The population had taken from RA Perwanida, Mojokerto, in July 2009, whom deal directly with the preschool parents. Total sample was 22 respondents who met B class in RA Perwanida, Mojokerto. They were divided into 2 groups, treatment and control groups. Data were collected by using questionnaire and observation sheet. Data were analyzed by using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with significance level of α ≤ 0.05 and Mann Whitney U Test with signi fi cance level ofα ≤ 0.05. Result: Results revealed the presence of effect in treatment and control groups. In treatment group the level of dependence due to preschool knowledge had signi fi cance level of p = 0.002, while that in control group was p = 1.000, to preschool attitude p = 0.034 in treatment, and p = 0.014 in control group, to preschool action p=0.001, and p = 0.317 in control group. Discussion: It can be concluded that there are significant influence of health education with contemporary book story on preschool personal hygiene behaviour. Further study should measure qualitation of understanding about personal hygiene behaviour for teacher in RA Perwanida, Mojokerto

The Effectiveness of Play Therapy and Musical Therapy in Reducing the Hospitalization Stress

Introduction: Hospitalization in pediatric patients may caused an anxiety and stress in all age levels. Several techniques can be applied to reduced hospitalization stress in children, such as playing therapy and music therapy. The objective of this study was to analyze the difference of effectiveness between both therapies in reducing the hospitalization stress in 4-6 years old children. Method: A quasy-experimental pre-posttest design was used in this study. There were 18 respondents, divided into three groups, i.e. group one receiving playing therapy, group two receiving music therapy and the last group as control group. Data were collected by using observation sheet before and after intervention to recognize the hospitalization stress. Data were analyzed by using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Mann Whitney U Test with significance level of α<0.05. Result: Result showed that playing therapy and music therapy had significant effect to reduce the hospitalization stress with p=0.027 for play therapy, p=0.024 for musical therapy, and p=0.068 for control. Mann Whitney U Test revealed that there were no difference in the effectiveness of play therapy and musical therapy in reducing the hospitalization stress with p=0.009 for play therapy and control group, p=0.012 for music therapy and control group, and p=0.684 for playing therapy and musical therapy. Discussion: It can be concluded that play therapy and musical therapy are equally effective to reduce the hospitalization stress in children. It's recommended for nurses in pediatric ward to do playg therapy and musical therapy periodically

The Increasing of Preschool Multiple Intelligences by Educative Playing Instrument Stimulation

Introduction: Multiple Intelligences can be incresed by playing stimulation with educative playing instrument. Educative playing is the activity that uses educate ways and instrument. Educative playing very important to increase speech development, cognitive, socialisation with the environment and also increse the streght and skill of child\u27s body. Method: Design used in this study was quasy experiment design. The population was preschool children 4–5 years old in working area of Mojo Public Health Centre of Surabaya. The sample was preschool children 4–5 years old that spesific in inclution criteria of this study. Data were analyzed by wilcoxon signed rank test to compare the ordinal data pre and post intervention and mann withney u-test that compare between intervention group and control group with level of signifi cance of α ≤ 0.05. Result: The result of speech development that analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test showed that controlled group had p = 0.157 and intervention group had p = 0.005 and the result of mann whitney test was p = 0.03. The result of kinesthetic development by wilcoxon signed rank test showed that controlled group has p = 0.317 and intervention group has p = 0.005, and analyzed by mann whitney test in kinesthetic development showed the result of p = 0.02. Discussion: Educative playing instrument (picture cards, play dough, origami and meronce) increased speech and fine motoric development of preschool children 4–5 years old in Mojo Indah Kindergarten of Surabaya. Educative playing instrument is the activity that makes the playing function optimally in child development and this activity can increase the child development such as physical, speech, cognitive and social adaptation

Teknik Relaksasi Imagery Terhadap Respons Penerimaan (Psikologis Dan Biologis) Dalam Prosedur Invasif Pada Anak Usia Sekolah (8-12 Tahun)

The objective of this study was to explain the effect of the imagery relaxation technique on psychological acceptance and biologic response in school age (8-12 years) on the invasive procedure. The design used in this study was static group comparison. The population was the school age patient, around 8-12 years in Melati Room RSUP Dr. Soedono Madiun. Sample of this study were 20 respondent, recruited by using purposive sampling consisting of 10 respondents as the control group and 10 respondents as the experiment group, who met the inclusion criteria. The independent variable was the imagery relaxation technique and the dependent variable was the psychological and biological acceptance responses. Data were collected by using observation paper. The result showed that there were some differences between the control group and the experiment group in heart rate (p=0.000) and the respiratory rate (p=0.000), but there were no differences in the control group`s systole (p=0.476) and diastole (p=0.630). Conclusion: the imagery relaxation technique has significantly effect on the psychological acceptance response and the biological response (the respiratory rate and the heart rate)