CONTRIBUTION OF AFFORESTATION TO SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT IN UKRAINE

This paper focuses on the establishment of forest plantations on bare lands and marginal agricultural lands: a multifunctional afforestation programme for Ukraine is elaborated. The multiple forest functions are limited in this research to wood production and erosion prevention. Ukraine is faced with erosion on 35% of its arable lands. Some 20 million ha of lands are experiencing various stages of erosion, and it is increasing with time. Erosion is especially harmful in the Carpathian Mountains where it causes windthrows and floods, and in the Steppe zone where it results in blowing up sands. Along with exploration of the expanded timber supply from the newly created forest plantations, soil protection forest functions therefore are examined. The proposition that forest cover affects the rates of soil erosion is tested empirically by means of regression analysis. The results of the estimations show a statistically significant negative relationship between soil erosion and forest cover in Ukraine and across the forestry zones. Using the results of the analysis, indicative estimates of the soil protection role of the forests are computed. Further discussion focuses on the proposed expansion of forest cover and on the potential positive effects for agriculture due to erosion prevention. Calculations have been made at different levels of detail. By using a simulation technique and cost-benefit analysis, in combination with LP modelling, it is revealed that for the discount rate of 4%, planting trees on bare lands, except in the Polissja and the Crimea, is an economically efficient means to address wood production and erosion prevention. Results are highly dependent on the relevant discount rate. For marginal agricultural lands mixed results are obtained. Moreover, there is a difference between estimated benefits for agriculture and benefits for the planter of the trees. It seems therefore necessary that e.g. the government balances costs and benefits to provide incentives for the planter of the trees. Finally, the research comes up with some practical suggestions for forest management decisions.

Rancangan Aplikasi Akuntansi Dan Pajak Berbasis Web Untuk USAha Kecil Dan Menengah

Making the accounting application is to facilitate accountancy. With the online accounting application, it will be helpful for employers or companies to perform the registration and monitoring in real time from anywhere and anytime. Online accounting application is made, features a multi-language, tax invoices and tax deposit letter, the exchange of reports between user, AES security and password protection when downloading files. Based on the results of testing that was done by testing directly to the field, the results obtained in accordance with the criteria of accounting in financial reporting, features have been run properly

The Adequacy of International Legal Obligations for Environmental Protection During Armed Conflict

Since it first developed, the law of war has focused on protecting human beings. It prioritises human protection by controlling the conduct of belligerents in order to minimise human injuries and casualties. However, the consequences of war are seldom limited to human casualties. War also causes major destruction to the environment. This article shows that despite prioritising human protection, International law provides a significant number of rules to protect the environment during armed conflicts . Contrary to claims that existing rules are insufficient, the law of war adequately safeguards the environment during armed conflicts by prohibiting certain military activities that may cause significant damage to the environment. Furthermore, there are peacetime regulations that may continue to bind belligerents in times of war

Gerakan Demiliterisasi di Era Transisi Demokrasi: Peta Masalah dan Pemanfaatan Peluang

Since the fall of New Order Regime, Indonesia has begun a new era of democratization. One of the important issues is the reformulation of civi-military relation. The practice of militarization and militarism-which is strong enough in Indonesia is considered as a fundamental waylay for the development of civil society path to democratization. Political reform in Indonesia constitutes a strategic momentum for demiliterization movement, namely posing military professionally under the civil political control democratically

The Role of Spiritual Intelligence for Leadership Competency in Government Company

Every organization has its goal to gain effectiveness. On the other side, without any supportsfrom competence leader, the goal will not be gained. The raise of leader's competence should besupported by good knowledge, good skill and tha charisma to achieve something. In theglobalization era, Indonesia must prepare everything especially in human resource aspects tocompete with other countries. The aim of this study is to know how far the role of spiritualintelligence to leadership competency to fulfill the organization vision and mission in PT. JasaMarga (Persero). The participants of this study is 75 employees in different educationalbackground from diplome to doctor. From each independent and dependent variable, the studydevelops some supporting component such as spiritual inteligence and leadership competency.The result shows that spiritual intelligence has negative role to leadership competency. Theother results are personality has an effect to technical and humanism skills, and the leadershipability has an effect to conceptual skill

Pengaruh Iklim Organisasi dan Motivasi Kerja terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Pegawai Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Sambas

This study aims to gather information, analyze and conclude the influence between organizational climate and working motivation to work together toward the working productivity of employees at the Education Department in Sambas regency. This study uses a quantitative approach of causal study (study of the influence / cause and effect). Research data on organizational climate (X1), working motivation (X2) and the working productivity of employees (Y) were collected through questionnaires to all civil servants at Education Department in Sambas Regency witch the analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. The results of the research shown that there is a significant influence between organizational climate on employees working productivity, there is a significant influence between working motivation on employees working, and there is a significant joint influence between organizational climate and working motivation on working productivity of employees with a coefficient of determination of 0.609 or 60.9% or contribution percentage of organizational climate and working motivation on working productivity of employees is 60.9% while the remaining 39.1% is influenced by other factors outside the study. Based on these research findings, the employee is urged to improve their working productivity and for policymakers at Education Department in Sambas regency, they need to create a good organizational climate and increase the employee working motivation to achieve the organization's goals in improving the quality of education in Sambas Regency

Akseptabilitas dan Pemanfaatan Pusat Informasi dan Konsultasi Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja pada Siswa Sekolah Menengah Umum

Background: Adolescent period is a transition period from childhood to adulthood. One sixth of people on earth are adolescents and 85% of them live in developing countries. Adolescents often encounter risks of reproductive health so that reproductive health service becomes necessary for adolescents. School is a center of the dissemination of reproductive health information. The problem is that PIK-KRR in schools is underutilized. Factors causing underutilization are access to service, needs of adolescents, and acceptability of students to PIK-KRR.Objectives: To study the relationship between acceptability to PIK-KRR and utilization to PIK-KRR in schools by senior high school students at Bima Municipality Nusa Tenggara Barat.Method: The study used cross sectional with quantitative as well as qualitative approaches. Subjects were 312 high school students. Data were obtained through questionnaire and in-depth interview and analyzed using univariate, bivariate with chi-square and multivariate with logistic regression.Result: The result of bivariate analysis showed there was significant association between utilization and acceptability, need and attitude toward reproductive health (p<0.05). The result of multivariate analysis showed there was significant association between the utilization and acceptability (RP=1.5; CI95%=1.21-1.91). There was significant association between the utilization and acceptability after the control of variable of need (RP=1.4; CI95%=1.18-1.85) and with the control of variable of attitude consistently there was significant association between the utilization and acceptability (RP=1.4; CI95%=1.11-1.95). This mean that students accepting PIK-KRR had positive attitude toward reproductive health than those not accepting PIK-KRR.Conclusion: The utilization of PIK-KRR in school was associated with acceptability, need and attitude toward reproductive health