Finding a Legal Balance between the Right to Strike and Right to Education in Kenya

The teachers’ right to strike and the children’s right to education are both essential rights recognised by national and international laws in Kenya. Despite this fact, there are instances where conflicts arise between these two rights. The courts have a mandate to balance competing human rights in instances of conflict. However, whenever there has been a conflict between the two rights, Kenyan courts have issued injunctions that require public-school teachers to suspend their strike. By doing so, the courts are leaving the teachers with no effective alternative mechanism to address their pertinent needs. The question of how a balance between the teachers’ right to strike and the children’s right to education in Kenya can be attained is thus an essential concern that is at the focal point of this paper. In a bid to address this question, Kenya’s Constitution, Children’s Act, Labour Relations Act, and case law from the Court of Appeal; namely, TSC v KNUT & 3 others, are analysed to reveal Kenya’s position on the two rights and the various balancing approaches available

The export of national varieties of capitalism: the cases of Wal-Mart and Ikea

Using the cases of Wal-Mart and IKEA, this paper takes a productive systems approach to examine ‘varieties of capitalism’ from the perspective of the ways by which production and market relations are structured and prioritised. It considers the nature of these relations and their interaction within the domestic economy and the ways that firms and national systems interact with each other in the global economy. It examines the processes by which trading standards are transported via supply chain relationships, which ultimately become embedded in products and recognized by consumers at various stages. In this analysis, the cases of Wal-Mart and IKEA provide insight into the ways by which national systems extend themselves globally, their contrasting effects on the business environments in host localities, and the impact of the resulting supply chain relations on organizational performance

Hibridinių grėsmių Arkties regione teisiniai iššūkiai

This article will focus on the legal framework that applies to the Arctic ocean and highlight the legal grey areas that hybrid campaigns could invest in to violate international maritime law and law relating to the use of force.Straipsnyje daugiausia dėmesio skiriama teisinei sistemai, sutartims ir kitiems teisės aktams, kurie taikomi Arkties vandenyno teritorijai bei pilkųjų zonų apibrėžimui, taip pat nustatyti, kur būtų galima taikyti hibridinę taktiką ir operacijas nepažeidžiant tarptautinės jūrų teisės ir teisės, reguliuojančios jėgos draudimą

Attitude of the Asiatic Students Attending the Utah State Agricultural College Toward the United States, Logan, and the U.S.A.C

Man is a social animal. Without participating in social activities and enjoying the social privileges, man cannot live but physically. He has something in common with the rest of the human race and a particular interest in his own community which imposes on and shares with him the same cultural pattern. The different cultures have a universal cultural pattern common to mankind, but in the same time there are many traits which prohibit the different groups from understanding each other, not because of languages, but because of the existence of the cultural barriers. To cross the barriers of cultural islands and the cultural lags, or to be able to narrow the margin of the differences in cultural determination, for the purpose of achieving acquaintance and understand, the world needs an effective communication system. “The process of communication is the web of signals, expectations, and understanding that makes living together possible….”

Arborescent Polymers From "Click" Chemistry and Other Methods

Graft polymers with a dendritic architecture (arborescent polymers) were synthesized by “click”, anionic, and cationic grafting. Arborescent polystyrene and polybutadiene systems were synthesized by “click” coupling using alkyne and azide functional groups, one of which was introduced randomly on the polymer substrate, while the other functionality was located at one end of the polymer serving as side chains. The two possible combinations of randomly and end-functionalized components were investigated for both polymer systems, but the best method for polystyrene involved side chains with an azide end group and randomly acetylenated substrates; for polybutadiene, acetylene-terminated side chains and randomly azidated substrates were preferred. The end-functionalized polymers were derived from a bifunctional initiator to introduce a protected hydroxyl group, which was converted into either an azide or an acetylene functionality. Coupling of the end-functionalized side chains with the substrate polymer serving as backbone yielded a comb-branched (or G0 arborescent) polymer. Further cycles of substrate functionalization and grafting led to the subsequent (G1 and G2) generations of arborescent polymers. Linear and branched (G0 and G1) hydroxylated polystyrene derivatives, some of which served as intermediates in the synthesis of the randomly functionalized “click” grafting substrates, were also explored as macroinitiators for the cationic polymerization of ethyl vinyl ether. The substrates functionalized with either secondary or tertiary alcohol groups yielded the desired arborescent polystyrene-graft-poly(ethyl vinyl ether) copolymers, without formation of linear contaminant. Arborescent polybutadiene of generations G1 and G2, with different side chain molecular weights, were also synthesized by anionic coupling of living polybutadienyllithium side chains with substrates functionalized with chlorosilane groups for comparison with the “click” methodology

ADSORPTION PERFORMANCE OF MG0.33NI0.33CO0.33FE2O4 NANOPARTICLES DOPED WITH GADOLINIUM AND LANTHANUM FOR LEAD (II) REMOVAL

The issue of water pollution has become a major concern in recent times, and the need for effective strategies for treating contaminated water sources has become more urgent. One promising approach that has been gaining attention in the field of wastewater treatment is the use of nano-ferrites. In this regard, novel Mg0.33Ni0.33Co0.33LaxFe2-xO4 and Mg0.33Ni0.33Co0.33GdxFe2-xO4 nanoparticles (NPs), where x = 0.00, 0.01 and 0.08, were synthesized to test their adsorption performance for the removal of Pb (II). The structural properties and morphology were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). As Gd and La content increase, the bandgap energy increases while Urbach energy decreases. The experimental condition for the adsorption process was the adsorbent dosage of 40 mg and contact time of 30, 60, and 90 min at room temperature. Under the recommended conditions, Pb (II) removal % were obtained as 38 %, 41 % and 75 % for Mg0.33Ni0.33Co0.33Fe2O4, Mg0.33Ni0.33Co0.33LaxFe2-xO4 with x = 0.01 and Mg0.33Ni0.33Co0.33GdxFe2-xO4 with x = 0.08, respectively. Therefore, doping ferrite nanoparticles with rare earth metals improve their properties and enable its usage in wastewater treatment particularly for the removal of heavy metals