Image_1_Association of pancreatitis with risk of diabetes: analysis of real-world data.jpeg

IntroductionDiabetes is a major cause of disease burden with considerable public health significance. While the pancreas plays a significant role in glucose homeostasis, the association between pancreatitis and new onset diabetes is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine that association using large real-world data.Materials and methodsUtilizing the IBM® MarketScan® commercial claims database from 2016 to 2019, pancreatitis and diabetes regardless of diagnostic category, were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision [ICD-10] codes. We then performed descriptive analyses characterizing non-pancreatitis (NP), acute pancreatitis (AP), and chronic pancreatitis (CP) cohort subjects. Stratified Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of diabetes across the three clinical categories.ResultsIn total, 310,962 individuals were included in the analysis. During 503,274 person‐years of follow‐up, we identified 15,951 incident diabetes cases. While men and women had higher incidence rates of CP and AP-related diabetes, the rates were significantly greater in men and highest among individuals with CP (91.6 per 1000 persons-years (PY)) followed by AP (75.9 per 1000-PY) as compared to those with NP (27.8 per 1000-PY). After adjustment for diabetes risk factors, relative to the NP group, the HR for future diabetes was 2.59 (95% CI: 2.45-2.74) (PConclusionPancreatitis was associated with a high risk of diabetes independent of demographic, lifestyle, and comorbid conditions.</p

Table_1_Association of pancreatitis with risk of diabetes: analysis of real-world data.docx

IntroductionDiabetes is a major cause of disease burden with considerable public health significance. While the pancreas plays a significant role in glucose homeostasis, the association between pancreatitis and new onset diabetes is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine that association using large real-world data.Materials and methodsUtilizing the IBM® MarketScan® commercial claims database from 2016 to 2019, pancreatitis and diabetes regardless of diagnostic category, were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision [ICD-10] codes. We then performed descriptive analyses characterizing non-pancreatitis (NP), acute pancreatitis (AP), and chronic pancreatitis (CP) cohort subjects. Stratified Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of diabetes across the three clinical categories.ResultsIn total, 310,962 individuals were included in the analysis. During 503,274 person‐years of follow‐up, we identified 15,951 incident diabetes cases. While men and women had higher incidence rates of CP and AP-related diabetes, the rates were significantly greater in men and highest among individuals with CP (91.6 per 1000 persons-years (PY)) followed by AP (75.9 per 1000-PY) as compared to those with NP (27.8 per 1000-PY). After adjustment for diabetes risk factors, relative to the NP group, the HR for future diabetes was 2.59 (95% CI: 2.45-2.74) (PConclusionPancreatitis was associated with a high risk of diabetes independent of demographic, lifestyle, and comorbid conditions.</p

Implementing a medical student interpreter training program as a strategy to developing humanism

Abstract Background Humanistic care in medicine has shown to improve healthcare outcomes. Language barriers are a significant obstacle to humanistic care, and trained medical interpreters have demonstrated to effectively bridge the gap for the vulnerable limited English proficiency (LEP) patient population. One way in which medical schools can train more humanistic physicians and provide language access is through the implementation of programs to train bilingual medical students as medical interpreters. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate whether such training had an impact on bilingual medical student’s interpretation skills and humanistic traits. Methods Between 2015 and 2017, whole-day (~ 8 h) workshops on medical interpretation were offered periodically to 80 bilingual medical students at the Penn State College of Medicine. Students completed a series of questionnaires before and after the training that assessed the program’s effectiveness and its overall impact on interpretation skills and humanistic traits. Students also had the opportunity to become certified medical interpreters. Results The 80 student participants were first- to third- year medical students representing 21 languages. Following training, most students felt more confident interpreting (98%) and more empathetic towards LEP patients (87.5%). Students’ scores in the multiple-choice questions about medical interpretation/role of the interpreter were also significantly improved (Chi-Square test, p < 0.05). All students who decided to take the exam were able to successfully become certified interpreters. Ninety-two percent of participants reported they would recommend the program and would be willing to serve as a future “coaches” for interpreter training workshops delivered to peer students. Conclusions Our program was successful in increasing self-reported measures of empathy and humanism in medical students. Our data suggests that implementation of medical interpreter training programs can be a successful strategy to develop of humanism in medical students, and aid in the development of sustainable language access for LEP patients

Additional file 1: of Implementing a medical student interpreter training program as a strategy to developing humanism

Anonymous pre-workshop surveys (“Part 1”, “Part 2 pre”, and “Part 3”), and post-workshop surveys (“Part 1” and “Part 3”) administered to participants to obtain information about the interpreation process knowledge, cultural competencies, language skills and cultural background . (PDF 55 kb

Additional file 2: of Implementing a medical student interpreter training program as a strategy to developing humanism

Anonymous survey (“Part 2 post”) administered to workshop participants to obtain post-workshop feedback about the program and their self-rated confidence about their interpretation abilities. (PDF 38 kb