Institutions and Multinational Ownership Strategy

This paper examines the impact of institutions on a multinational firm’s ownership strategy. We develop an international joint venture (IJV) model in which a multinational firm and its local partner both can undertake costly ex post actions to increase their revenue share specified by the ex ante IJV contract. The model captures the effects of two institutional features on the optimal IJV ownership structure: contract enforceability and cronyism. We introduce the IJV model into an industry equilibrium framework to analyze the impact of institutions on a multinational firm’s choice between forming an IJV or setting up a wholly-owned subsidiary. Ce papier examine l'impact des institutions sur la stratégie de propriété d’une entreprise multinationale. Nous développons un modèle de coentreprise internationale dans lequel une entreprise étrangère et son partenaire local peuvent ex post entreprendre des actions coûteuses pour augmenter leur part de revenus indiquée dans le contrat de coentreprise. Le modèle analyse les impacts de deux caractéristiques institutionnelles sur la structure de propriété optimale : le renforcement du contrat et le copinage. Nous introduisons le modèle de coentreprise dans un modèle d'équilibre général pour analyser l'impact des institutions sur le mode d’entrée des entreprises multinationales.liability of foreignness, international joint venture, contract enforceability, cronyism, coentreprise internationale, renforcement du contrat, copinage

Bayesian spike inference from calcium imaging data

We present efficient Bayesian methods for extracting neuronal spiking information from calcium imaging data. The goal of our methods is to sample from the posterior distribution of spike trains and model parameters (baseline concentration, spike amplitude etc) given noisy calcium imaging data. We present discrete time algorithms where we sample the existence of a spike at each time bin using Gibbs methods, as well as continuous time algorithms where we sample over the number of spikes and their locations at an arbitrary resolution using Metropolis-Hastings methods for point processes. We provide Rao-Blackwellized extensions that (i) marginalize over several model parameters and (ii) provide smooth estimates of the marginal spike posterior distribution in continuous time. Our methods serve as complements to standard point estimates and allow for quantification of uncertainty in estimating the underlying spike train and model parameters

Sensitivity Analysis of Transportation Production Costs in Indonesia

The transportation production cost (TPC) considerably has strong influence to the national economic condition. This paper focused on the analysis of the transportation production cost sensitivity in relation to the variation of the external affecting factor, which are fuel price, rupiah exchange rate and Bank of Indonesia interest rate. Based on the R2 values, the TPC components in general have significant correlation, with the fuel prices. However, they do not have high correlation to the fluctuation of interest rate and rupiah exchange rate. The sensitivity analysis shows that a 10% rise on fuel price would cause 6%, 2%, 7%, 2.4%, and 4.9% rise on the TPC of intercity bus, ferry ship, interisland ship, train, and airline, respectively

Body Mass Index, Sleep Quality, Stress Conditions Determine Menstrual Cycles Among Female Adolescents

Menstrual cycles are an important indicator of women's health. Menstrual cycles can be affected by body mass index (BMI), sleep quality, and stress. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between BMI, sleep quality, stress and the menstrual cycle. The subjects of this research were the female adolescents at the age of at least 15 years old that had experienced menstruation for at least 2 years. The dependent variable is the menstrual cycle while the independent variables are BMI, sleep quality, and stress conditions. Observational analytic research method with Cross sectional design was used in this research. The subjects were 148 female students. The BMI data were obtained through the anthropometric measurement. The sleep quality data were taken with PSQI questionnaire, and the stress condition data obtained from PSS-10 questionnaire which were then analysed using Chi-Square test and Logistic Regression. Results of study showed that there is a significant relationship between BMI, sleep quality, stress conditions and the adolescent menstrual cycle. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that the female adolescents with abnormal BMI are at risk of having menstrual cycle disorders 1.91 times. The adolescents with poor sleep quality are at risk experiencing menstrual cycle disorders 2.05 times, and the adolescents with stress conditions at risk of the menstrual cycle disorders 2.26 times. There is a relationship between BMI, sleep quality, stress conditions and the menstrual cycle. Stress conditions most influence the regularity of the menstrual cycle

The Correlation Between Body Fat Percentage and Peak Expiratory Flow in Children Aged 10-12 Years at SD Negeri 8 Dauh Puri

Background: The accumulation of fat decreases lung function. Peak expiratory flow is an indicator for assessing pulmonary function and can be used to identify the narrowing or obstruction of the airway. This study aimed to examine the correlation between body fat percentage and peak expiratory flow in children aged 10-12 years.Methods: This study was an analytical study with a cross-sectional design carried out in March 2019 at SD Negeri 8 Dauh Puri, Denpasar. Sampling was done by simple random sampling, and 84 samples were recruited who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Body fat percentage was measured using Bioelectric Impedance Analysis, while peak expiratory flow was measured using Peak Flow Meters. Data analysis was done using the Pearson Correlation test..Result: The Pearson Correlation Test showed a negative weak correlation between the percentage of body fat and peak expiratory flow with p=0.009 and a correlation coefficient of -0.284. It can be interpreted that the higher the body fat percentage, the higher the value of peak expiratory flow.Conclusion : There is a significant correlation between body fat percentage and peak expiratory flow in children aged 10-12 years at SD Negeri 8 Dauh Puri