Searching for cavities of various densities in the Earth's crust with a low-energy electron-antineutrino beta-beam

We propose searching for deep underground cavities of different densities in the Earth's crust using a long-baseline electron-antineutrino disappearance experiment, realized through a low-energy beta-beam with highly-enhanced luminosity. We focus on four cases: cavities with densities close to that of water, iron-banded formations, heavier mineral deposits, and regions of abnormal charge accumulation that have been posited to appear prior to the occurrence of an intense earthquake. The sensitivity to identify cavities attains confidence levels higher than $3\sigma$ and $5\sigma$ for exposures times of 3 months and 1.5 years, respectively, and cavity densities below 1 g cm$^{-3}$ or above 5 g cm$^{-3}$, with widths greater than 200 km. We reconstruct the cavity density, width, and position, assuming one of them known while keeping the other two free. We obtain large allowed regions that improve as the cavity density differs more from the Earth's mean density. Furthermore, we demonstrate that knowledge of the cavity density is important to obtain O(10%) error on the width. Finally, we introduce an observable to quantify the presence of a cavity by changing the orientation of the electron-antineutrino beam, with which we are able to identify the presence of a cavity at the $2\sigma$ to $5\sigma$ C.L.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures; matches published versio

Exéresis de la cabeza radial vs prótesis de sustitución en las fracturas complejas de la cabeza del radio

El objetivo de este trabajo es describir nuestros resultados y comparar la exéresis con la sustitución protésica como tratamiento de las fracturas tipo III. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de fracturas de cabeza de radio tratadas en nuestro Servicio, incluyéndose un total de 26 pacientes con fracturas de cabeza de radio tipo III de Mason. Un total de 14 pacientes (56%) fueron tratados mediante exéresis de cabeza de radio (Grupo A) y 12 pacientes (44%) se trataron mediante prótesis (Grupo B). El tiempo de seguimiento fue de 28 meses. Los resultados funcionales según la escala de Broberg-Morrey de la serie fueron 4 pacientes excelente, 15 pacientes muy bueno, 6 pacientes regular y 1 paciente malo. Al comparar el grupo A con el grupo B no se observaron diferencias en cuanto a la edad, sexo, tiem- po de seguimiento y resultados funcionales postoperatorios, sin embargo, los pacientes del grupo A presentaban mejo- res resultados funcionales cuando se agrupaban los resultados excelente y bueno (75%)The aim of this study was to describe our results in the treatment of Mason III radial head fractures and compare the outcomes of the radial head excision and prosthetic replacement. We performed a restropective study of radial head fractures treated in our departmet. Were included for the study 26 patients with Mason III radial head fractures. The follow-up time was 28 months. A total 14 patients (56%) were treated by excision of the radial head (Group A) and 12 patients (44%) were treated by the prothesis (Group B), The functional results according to the Bro- berg-Morrey scale were 4 patients excellent, very good 15 patients, 6 patients regular and 1 patient bad. When com- paring group A with group B there were no differences in age, sex, and postoperative functional outcomes, however, patients in group A had better functional outcomes when grouped excellent and good results (75%)

AzTEC 1.1 mm observations of high-z protocluster environments : SMG overdensities and misalignment between AGN jets and SMG distribution

We present observations at 1.1 mm towards 16 powerful radio galaxies and a radio-quiet quasar at 0.5 > z > 6.3 acquired with the AzTEC camera mounted at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope and Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment to study the spatial distribution of submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) towards possible protocluster regions. The survey covers a total area of 1.01 sq deg with rms depths of 0.52-1.44 mJy and detects 728 sources above 3σ. We find overdensities of a factor of ~2 in the source counts of three individual fields (4C+23.56, PKS1138-262, and MRC0355-037) over areas of ~200 sq deg. When combining all fields, the source-count analysis finds an overdensity that reaches a factor ≳ 3 at S 1.1mm = 4mJy covering a 1.5-arcmin-radius area centred on the active galactic nucleus. The large size of our maps allows us to establish that beyond a radius of 1.5 arcmin, the radial surface density of SMGs falls to that of a blank field. In addition, we find a trend for SMGs to align closely to a perpendicular direction with respect to the radio jets of the powerful central radio galaxies (73 -14 +13 deg). This misalignment is found over projected comoving scales of 4-20 Mpc, departs from perfect alignment (0 deg) by ~5σ, and apparently has no dependence on SMG luminosity. Under the assumption that the AzTEC sources are at the redshift of the central radio galaxy, the misalignment reported here can be interpreted as SMGs preferentially inhabiting mass-dominant filaments funnelling material towards the protoclusters, which are also the parent structures of the radio galaxies.Peer reviewe

Test of Lorentz Violation with Astrophysical Neutrino Flavor in IceCube

4 pages, 1 figure, presented at the Eighth Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry, Bloomington, Indiana, May 12-16, 20194 pages, 1 figure, presented at the Eighth Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry, Bloomington, Indiana, May 12-16, 20194 pages, 1 figure, presented at the Eighth Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry, Bloomington, Indiana, May 12-16, 2019Astrophysical high-energy neutrinos observed by IceCube are sensitive to small effects in a vacuum such as those motivated from quantum gravity theories. Here, we discuss the potential sensitivity of Lorentz violation from the diffuse astrophysical neutrino data in IceCube. The estimated sensitivity reaches the Planck scale physics motivated region, providing IceCube with real discovery potential of Lorentz violation

Noticia de los acontecimientos ocurridos en Asturias con motivo de la Guerra de la Independencia, mandado escribir por el Gobierno de Madrid [Manuscristo]

Mecanografiado. -- Firmado y fechado en Oviedo, 15 de agosto de 1815Autor tomado del final del text

IceCube expectations for two high-energy neutrino production models at active galactic nuclei

We have determined the currently allowed regions of the parameter spaces of two representative models of diffuse neutrino flux from active galactic nuclei (AGN): one by Koers & Tinyakov (KT) and another by Becker & Biermann (BB). Our observable has been the number of upgoing muon-neutrinos expected in the 86-string IceCube detector, after 5 years of exposure, in the range 10^5 < E/GeV < 10^8. We have used the latest estimated discovery potential of the IceCube-86 array at the 5-sigma level to determine the lower boundary of the regions, while for the upper boundary we have used either the AMANDA upper bound on the neutrino flux or the more recent preliminary upper bound given by the half-completed IceCube-40 array (IC40). We have varied the spectral index of the proposed power-law fluxes, alpha, and two parameters of the BB model: the ratio between the boost factors of neutrinos and cosmic rays, Gamma_nu/Gamma_{CR}, and the maximum redshift of the sources that contribute to the cosmic-ray flux, zCRmax. For the KT model, we have considered two scenarios: one in which the number density of AGN does not evolve with redshift and another in which it evolves strongly, following the star formation rate. Using the IC40 upper bound, we have found that the models are visible in IceCube-86 only inside very thin strips of parameter space and that both of them are discarded at the preferred value of alpha = 2.7 obtained from fits to cosmic-ray data. Lower values of alpha, notably the values 2.0 and 2.3 proposed in the literature, fare better. In addition, we have analysed the capacity of IceCube-86 to discriminate between the models within the small regions of parameter space where both of them give testable predictions. Within these regions, discrimination at the 5-sigma level or more is guaranteed.Comment: 24 pages, 6 figures, v2: new IceCube-40 astrophysical neutrino upper bound and IceCube-86 discovery potential used, explanation of AGN flux models improved, only upgoing neutrinos used, conclusions strengthened. Accepted for publication in JCA