DSRC Performance Analysis in Foggy Environment for Intelligent Vehicles System

Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) is one of the fastest growing areas in the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Research efforts has focused on developing a driver assistant alert system to warn driver in foggy environment. However, there is a lack of which effective V2V/V2I communication technology would be the best to extend and disseminate this information to nearby vehicles. In this paper, we examine the use of Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) as a V2V communication mechanism to share the foggy conditions to nearby vehicles. The study also investigates the effect of changing the fog/air density on the DSRC performance in intelligent vehicles system. Simulation experiments are setup to study the influence of the fog density on the DSRC performance in communicating the road‟s foggy conditions to nearby vehicles via DSRC communications. The research findings proved that the DSRC performance can persist through fog/air density changes, which helps to confirm that it can help making up for lost human visibility and driver safety experience has been improved on roads during foggy times. This finding aims to promote safe highway operations in foggy or smoky conditions

DSRC Performance Analysis in Foggy Environment for Intelligent Vehicles System

Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) is one of the fastest growing areas in the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Research efforts has focused on developing a driver assistant alert system to warn driver in foggy environment. However, there is a lack of which effective V2V/V2I communication technology would be the best to extend and disseminate this information to nearby vehicles. In this paper, we examine the use of Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) as a V2V communication mechanism to share the foggy conditions to nearby vehicles. The study also investigates the effect of changing the fog/air density on the DSRC performance in intelligent vehicles system. Simulation experiments are setup to study the influence of the fog density on the DSRC performance in communicating the road?s foggy conditions to nearby vehicles via DSRC communications. The research findings proved that the DSRC performance can persist through fog/air density changes, which helps to confirm that it can help making up for lost human visibility and driver safety experience has been improved on roads during foggy times. This finding aims to promote safe highway operations in foggy or smoky conditions

A Lightweight Message Authentication Framework in the Intelligent Vehicles System

Intelligent Vehicles System (IVS) supports a wide variety of Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) services such as vehicle visibility detection. In implementing this service, the message authentication is a vital design parameter that protects victim vehicles from being tricked into accepting false messages as legitimate ones and make a false decision based on the incoming message. However, implementing message authentication service is too expensive especially if vehicles, initially, don’t trust each others or there is no certificate of authority in place. In this research, we investigate the use of the Basic Safety Message (BSM) behavior over time as a metric to allow a receiving vehicle to anticipate at what distance it will continue to receive BSMs from within-range vehicles. Therefore, the victim vehicle would reject the BSM messages that fall outside its acceptance window. Simulation experiments are setup to study the realistic behavior of the BSM messages in different environment characteristics including changing the vehicle size, number of road lanes and vehicle speed. Research findings suggested that the lightweight message authentication can assist vehicles in estimating the duration for a trusted relationship among those that are located within range of each others

An Empirical Study to Investigate the Effect of Air Density Changes on the DSRC Performance

The primary role of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) system is to implement Advanced Driver Assistance Services (ADAS) such as pedestrian detection, fog detection and collisions avoidance. These services rely on detecting and communicating the environment conditions such as heavy rain or snow with nearby vehicles to improve the driver\u27s visibility. ITS systems rely on DSRC to communicate this information via a Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) or Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications architectures. DSCR performance may be susceptible to environmental changes such as air density, gravitation (gravitational acceleration), air temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, and precipitation. The goal of this research is to investigate whether the DSRC performance persist with respect to air density changes in a foggy environment. Simulation experiments are setup using PreScan to study the influence of changing the air density on the DSRC performance in a foggy environment using V2V communications. The PreScan simulation experiments are carried out over a wide range of air density levels that start from an extremely low value of (0.05 kg/m3), a normal air density level of 1.28 kg/m3 to a high altitude with air density level of (50 kg/m3). The study uses this wide range of air density levels to allow us to determine the influence of the air density on the DSRC performance and explore any performance inconsistency if there is any. The research findings proved that the DSRC performance can persist through air density changes, which helps to make up for lost human visibility on roads during foggy times. This finding aims to promote safe highway operations in foggy conditions

An Empirical Study To Investigate The Effect Of Air Density Changes On The Dsrc Performance

The primary role of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) system is to implement Advanced Driver Assistance Services (ADAS) such as pedestrian detection, fog detection and collisions avoidance. These services rely on detecting and communicating the environment conditions such as heavy rain or snow with nearby vehicles to improve the driver\u27s visibility. ITS systems rely on DSRC to communicate this information via a Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) or Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications architectures. DSCR performance may be susceptible to environmental changes such as air density, gravitation (gravitational acceleration), air temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, and precipitation. The goal of this research is to investigate whether the DSRC performance persist with respect to air density changes in a foggy environment. Simulation experiments are setup using PreScan to study the influence of changing the air density on the DSRC performance in a foggy environment using V2V communications. The PreScan simulation experiments are carried out over a wide range of air density levels that start from an extremely low value of (0.05 kg/m3), a normal air density level of 1.28 kg/m3 to a high altitude with air density level of (50 kg/m3). The study uses this wide range of air density levels to allow us to determine the influence of the air density on the DSRC performance and explore any performance inconsistency if there is any. The research findings proved that the DSRC performance can persist through air density changes, which helps to make up for lost human visibility on roads during foggy times. This finding aims to promote safe highway operations in foggy conditions

Detect and Defend System On a Stick (D2S2) Against GPS Spoofing Attack

With the wide spread of self driving cars, the need for safer and secure roadways became evident in the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). For flexible deployment of smart vehicles in the ITS, smart vehicles communicate freely with each others using ad-hoc paradigm known as Inter-Vehicle Communication (IVC) over a universally available pool of channels. Unfortunately, this open access to the ITS system can be exploited by hackers to fuzz the system, break into it and cause a roadway danger. In this paper, we examine the possible security threats in the ITS system due to the exploitation of the vehicles GPS system. We propose a novel driver assistant system called Detect and Defend on a Stick System (D2S2) to detect and protect against GPS Spoofing attack. In order to validate the D2S2 mechanism, our simulation experiments were focused on developing a mechanism to detect malicious vehicle (the attacker ) that would lie about its GPS coordinates and defending the target vehicle (the victim ) from taking potentially dangerous evasive maneuvers. The victim vehicles defense system is observed under both normal non-attack and attack circumstances and positive results are obtained

Conjugation of penicillin acylase with the reactive copolymer of N-isopropylacrylamide: a step towards thermosensitive industrial biocatalyst.

Conjugation of penicillin acylase (PA) to poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (polyNIPAM) was studied as a way to prepare a thermosensitive biocatalyst for industrial applications to antibiotic synthesis. Condensation of PA with the copolymer of NIPAM containing active ester groups resulted in higher coupling yields of the enzyme (37%) compared to its chemical modification and copolymerization with the monomer (9% coupling yield) at the same NIPAM:enzyme weight ratio of ca. 35. A 10-fold increase of the enzyme loading on the copolymer resulted in 24% coupling yield and increased by 4-fold the specific PA activity of the conjugate. Two molecular forms of the conjugate were found by gel filtration on Sepharose CL 4B: the lower molecular weight fraction of ca. 106 and, presumably, cross-linked protein-polymer aggregates of MW > 107. Michaelis constant for 5-nitro-3-phenylacetamidobenzoic acid hydrolysis by the PA conjugate (20 M) was found to be slightly higher than that of the free enzyme (12 M), and evaluation of Vmax testifies to the high catalytic efficiency of the conjugated enzyme. PolyNIPAM-cross-linked PA retained its capacity to synthesize cephalexin from D-phenylglycin amide and 7-aminodeacetoxycephalosporanic acid. The synthesis-hydrolysis ratios of free and polyNIPAM-cross-linked enzyme in cephalexin synthesis were 7.46 and 7.49, respectively. Thus, diffusional limitation, which is a problem in the industrial production of -lactam antibiotics, can be successfully eliminated by cross-linking penicillin acylase to a smart polymer (i.e., polyNIPAM)