Survival of dogs with pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism treated twice daily with low doses of trilostane

Background Twice daily low trilostane doses have proven to be effective to manage canine Cushing's syndrome. However, survival and prognostic factors in dogs treated with this protocol have not been evaluated. The aim of the study was to evaluate survival and prognostic factors, including systolic blood pressure (SBP) at diagnosis, in dogs with pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism (PDH) treated with low trilostane doses. Methods Medical records of 91 dogs newly diagnosed with PDH initially treated with 0.2–1.1 mg/kg of trilostane twice daily were retrospectively included. Survival times were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier estimator. Univariable and multivariable analysis were performed using the Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. Results Overall, median survival was 998 days (range 26–1832 days, 95% confidence interval = 755–1241 days). In the multivariable analysis, age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.337, p < 0.001), presence of calcinosis cutis (HR = 5.271, p < 0.001), body condition score (BCS) ≤3/9 (HR = 8.100, p < 0.001) and higher platelet count (HR = 1.002, p = 0.022) were negatively correlated with survival. SBP was not associated with survival. Conclusions Low-dose trilostane treatment twice daily provides slightly longer survival than previously reported for dogs with PDH treated once or twice daily at higher doses. Older age, presence of calcinosis cutis, low BCS and higher platelet count, but not systemic hypertension, are predictive of poorer prognosis in dogs with PDH

Analysis of the Behavior of Fiberglass Composite Panels in Contact with Water Subjected to Repeated Impacts

One of the most common applications of glass fiber composite materials (GFRP) is the manufacturing of the hulls of high-speed boats. During navigation, the hull of these boats is subjected to repetitive impacts against the free surface of the water (slamming effect), which can cause severe damage to the material. To better understand the behavior of the composite material under this effect, in the present work, an experimental test has been carried out to reproduce the slamming phenomenon in GFRP panels by means of a novel device that allows this cyclic impact to be obtained while the panels are always in contact with water. By means of non-destructive ultrasound inspection in immersion, it has been possible to establish the evolution of the damage according to the number of impacts received by each panel. Destructive tests in the affected zone, specifically shear tests (Iosipescu test), allow determination of the loss of mechanical properties experienced by the material after receiving a high number of impacts in the presence of water (up to 900,000 impact cycles in some panels). The behavior of the material was found to be very different in wet and dry conditions. Under dry conditions, the material loses stiffness as the damage density increases and its shear strength also decreases, as does displacement at maximum load. For wet conditions, the material shows higher displacements at maximum load, while the shear strength decreases with increasing stiffness

Prevalence of Systemic Hypertension and Control of Systolic Blood Pressure in a Cohort of 14 Dogs with Adrenal-Dependent Hypercortisolism during the First Year of Trilostane Treatment or after Adrenalectomy

Author Contributions: Conceptualization, P.G.S.J., M.D.P.-A. and C.A.B.; data curation, P.G.S.J.; formal analysis, P.G.S.J.; investigation, P.G.S.J., M.D.P.-A., D.A.-M., S.G.S. and C.A.B.; methodology, P.G.S.J., M.D.P.-A. and C.A.B.; resources, P.G.S.J., M.D.P.-A., D.A.-M., S.G.S. and C.A.B.; supervision, M.D.P.-A. and C.A.B.; visualization, P.G.S.J., M.D.P.-A., D.A.-M. and C.A.B.; writing—original draft, P.G.S.J.; writing—review and editing, P.G.S.J., M.D.P.-A., D.A.-M. and C.A.B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.Hypercortisolism in dogs is frequently associated with systemic hypertension (SH). However, there are no studies evaluating the changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP) in dogs with adrenal-dependent hypercortisolism (ADH) during trilostane treatment or after adrenalectomy and their response to antihypertensive treatments. For this reason, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the changes in SBP in dogs with ADH during the first year of trilostane treatment or after adrenalectomy, the relation with clinical control of hypercortisolism and certain laboratory parameters, and the response to antihypertensive drugs. Fourteen dogs newly diagnosed with ADH were prospectively included and evaluated at diagnosis (T0) and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after (T1, T3, T6, and T12, respectively). Dogs were classified as hypertensive (HT; SBP ≥ 160 mmHg) and non-hypertensive. In HT dogs, benazepril was considered as the first-line drug, and, if necessary, amlodipine was prescribed. The prevalence of SH at T0 was 79%, and it was reduced to 25% at T12. Blood pressure (BP) was not associated with disease control or selected laboratory parameters at any endpoint. Only 22% of dogs with SH needed more than one drug to normalize their SBP. In all dogs surgically treated that were HT at T0, BP normalized at T3.Simple Summary: Cushing’s syndrome is a common disease in middle-aged and old dogs, characterized by steroid overproduction by the adrenal glands. This steroid excess can be caused by an adrenal tumor (adrenal dependent hypercortisolism) and is associated with systemic hypertension. In people with this disease, it is known that hypertension can be difficult to manage and, sometimes, several drugs are necessary to treat it. However, there are no studies focused on the changes in the blood pressure during treatment in dogs with adrenal-dependent hypercortisolism. In this study, 14 dogs with this disease were followed during the first year of medical treatment or during 1 year after surgery to remove the adrenal tumor (adrenalectomy), and the changes in their blood pressure were evaluated. We observed that blood pressure in medically treated dogs decreased during the study period using, in most cases, a single antihypertensive drug. Also, in those dogs surgically treated, blood pressure normalized three months after surgery, and in one case, antihypertensive medications could be reduced. Thus, when adrenalectomy is performed, it is important to carefully address blood pressure after the procedure as these dogs might require reductions in their antihypertensive treatment.Depto. de Medicina y Cirugía AnimalFac. de VeterinariaTRUEpu

Laboratory assessment of trilostane treatment in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism.

BackgroundResults of ACTH stimulation test (ACTHst), pre- and post-trilostane serum cortisol concentrations (SCCs), urine concentration (urine-specific gravity [USG]), and urine cortisol : creatinine ratios (UCCRs) are common variables used to monitor trilostane treatment of dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH). However, none has consistently discriminated dogs receiving an adequate dose (A) from those overdosed (O) or underdosed (U).ObjectivesTo assess and compare recommended monitoring variables, including serial SCCs in a cohort of dogs with PDH treated with trilostane.AnimalsPrivately owned dogs with PDH (n = 22) and 3 healthy dogs (controls).MethodsProspective, multicenter, 2-day study. On day "a" (randomized): ACTHst was completed. Day "b" (&gt;2 to &lt;7 days later): SCCs were assessed -0.5 hours, immediately before, and 1, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours after trilostane administration. On the first study day, urine collected at home was assessed for USG, UCCR and owner opinions regarding PDH were categorized as: A (clinical signs resolved), U (remains symptomatic), or ill (possible O).ResultsAt 27 pairs of evaluations, 7 dogs were categorized as A, 19 U, and 1 possible O (excluded from the study). There was overlap in SCC results from the A and U dogs at every time point. Results of USG, UCCR, and ACTHst did not discriminate A from U dogs. Trilostane suppresses SCC within 1 hour of administration and its duration of action in most PDH dogs is &lt;8 hours.Conclusions and clinical importanceNo single variable or group of variables reliably discriminated A dogs from U dogs during trilostane treatment for PDH

XIV Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. ACTAS

La presente publicación recoge los resúmenes de todas las ponencias presentadas oralmente en la decimocuarta edición del Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo (SIIU), celebrada en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid) y presentadas durante los días 16 y 17 de junio de 2022. El Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo tuvo su origen en el año 2007, como iniciativa de un grupo de profesores y doctorandos del Departamento de Urbanismo y Ordenación del Territorio de la Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya. Este seminario, originalmente interno y dirigido a investigadores en formación, pretendía ser un espacio de encuentro anual de los doctorandos del programa para debatir y recibir feedback sobre sus trabajos. Su condición pionera, como espacio de reflexión en torno a temas sobre la ciudad, el territorio y el paisaje en el ámbito hispanoamericano, provocó que muy pronto excediera el ámbito local y se transformara en un espacio de interés internacional. Por esta razón, a partir de la quinta edición, celebrada en 2013, se realiza cada año de manera conjunta entre la sede de Barcelona (Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña) y una sede latinoamericana. Hasta ahora han sido sede del SIIU en América, al otro lado del Atlántico: Buenos Aires, Córdoba (Argentina), Santiago de Chile, Bogotá, São Paulo, Camboriú y Curitiba. Asimismo, a partir del año 2020, el gran interés que estaba generando de este lado del Atlántico impulsa su realización en universidades de la Península Ibérica en conjunto con la UPC. De esta manera, Lisboa fue ese año la sede que, en colaboración con Barcelona, acogió el seminario, con el fin de responder al gran interés que éste tiene en el ámbito lusitano. Y en junio de 2022, Madrid ha sido la sede del seminario en España, con la voluntad de estrechar lazos entre dos de las escuelas de arquitectura más importantes del país, y compartir experiencias y miradas sobre los temas relacionados con el urbanismo. Del otro lado del Atlántico, Curitiba fue la sede latinoamericana que, con gran éxito, celebró la segunda parte del evento en la semana siguiente al evento de Madrid