Mass Spectrometry-based Serum Proteome Pattern Analysis in Prophylactic Oophorectomy

Background: Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical chemistry technique that measures the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). A plot of the ion signal in term of the m/z ratio is called mass spectrum. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is an ionization technique used in MS. The technique determines the mass of a molecule such as a peptide from within a heterogeneous mixture. Besides two well-known reproductive functions, producing of oocytes and reproductive hormones, the ovaries would play a vital role in other undiscovered aspects. Aim: To study role of ovary reflecting from serum proteomic pattern changes before and after prophylactic oophorectomy Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study with 20 premenopausal women diagnosed benign gynecologic condition but not ovarian abnormalities and scheduled for prophylactic oophorectomy was conducted. Blood was drawn and serum was then centrifuged and kept at -80 degree Celsius before and at 6 weeks after oophorectomy. All serum specimens were prepared and then analyzed by MALDI-TOF.Results: Age, BMI and duration of follow up were 49.30 ± 1.59 years, 24.56 ± 4.07 kg/m2 and 45.70 ± 6.13 days, respectively. A comparison of mean mass spectrum intensity between before and after oophorectomy showed that five m/z 1882, 2467, 8766, 8923 and 9136 were statistically significant different (7.96 and 16.93, P < 0.001, 2.42 and 8.57, P = 0.01, 4.12 and 6.04, P = 0.005, 16.06 and 18.40, P = 0.002, 8.54 and 12.59 P = 0.016, respectively).Conclusions: MS revealed a significant change of serum proteomic pattern from women undergone prophylactic oophorectomy. The protein identification study is currently ongoing in order to identify the ovarian function

Nucleotide Analogue-Related Proximal Renal Tubular Dysfunction during Long-Term Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background. There have been few reports of nucleotide analogue-related renal tubular dysfunction (RTD) in CHB patients. We assessed the prevalence and presentation of nucleotide analogue-related proximal RTD. Methods. A cross-sectional study was performed in CHB patients taking nucleotide analogues. Inclusion criteria were patients who were on adefovir or tenofovir as mono- or add-on therapy with lamivudine (LAM) >1 year. Serum and urine were collected. Fractional excretion of phosphate (FEPO4), uric acid (FEUA), and potassium was calculated. Renal losses were defined based on the criteria: protein (24-hour urine protein >150 mg), glucose (glycosuria with normoglycemia), phosphate (FEPO4 >18%), uric acid (FEUA >15%), potassium (renal potassium losses with hypokalemia), and bicarbonate (normal gap acidosis). Subclinical and overt proximal RTD were defined when 2 and ≥3 criteria presented. Results. Ninety-two patients were enrolled. The mean duration of nucleotide analogue taking was 55.1±29.6 months. Proximal RTD was found in 24 (26.1%) patients (subclinical 15 (16.3%) and overt 9 (9.8%)). The severity of RTD was associated with the duration of nucleotide analogue (P=0.01). Conclusions. The prevalence of proximal RTD in CHB patients taking nucleotide analogues was 26%. The severity of RTD was associated with the treatment duration. Comprehensive testing is necessary for early detecting nucleotide analogue-related nephrotoxicity

A case report of Tubo-ovarian abscess caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei

Abstract Background Melioidosis, the disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei is endemic in the Northeastern part of Thailand, South-East Asia, and Northern Australia. The pelvic involvement of disease is rare even in an endemic area. Therefore, we describe in this report the clinical presentation, management, and outcome of the patient with primary tubo-ovarian abscess due to melioidosis. Case presentation A 31-year-old Thai cassava farmer woman presented with fever and abdominal pain at left lower quadrant for one month. She also had pain, swelling, and redness of the genitalia without any ulcer. She had odorless whitish vaginal discharge. The pelvic examination revealed excitation pain on the left side of her cervix. Transvaginal ultrasonography revealed a large left tubo-ovarian abscess size 9.4 × 4.8 cm located at anterior of the uterus. Urgent exploratory laparotomy revealed left hydrosalpinx with a large amount of pus. The pus culture grew Burkholderia pseudomallei. The computer tomography of the abdomen revealed multiple hepatosplenic abscesses. The patient underwent left salpingo-oophorectomy and pus drainage. The pathological examination of excised left adnexa revealed chronic and acute suppurative inflammation with necrotic tissue. She was given intravenous ceftazidime for one month, and her clinical symptom improved. She was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus at this visit and treated with insulin injection. She continued to take oral co-trimoxazole for 20 weeks. The final diagnosis was disseminated melioidosis with left tubo-ovarian abscess and hepatosplenic abscesses in a newly diagnosed morbidly obese diabetic patient. Conclusion Burkholderia pseudomallei should be considered as the causative organism of gynecologic infection among patient with risk factor resided in an endemic area who do not respond to standard antibiotics. The pus culture from the site of infection is the only diagnostic method of pelvic melioidosis, appropriate antibiotics, and adequate surgical drainage were the components of the successful outcome

Effect of simvastatin on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in endometriosis patients: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background Simvastatin is a promising new drug for the treatment of endometriosis. It is a cholesterol-lowering drug that acts by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, resulting in a decrease in mevalonate, a precursor of cholesterol and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). This study investigated the effect of pre-operative oral simvastatin administration on MCP-1 gene expression and serum MCP-1 protein levels in patients with endometriosis. Methods A prospective, randomized, controlled study was conducted at the Reproductive Endocrinology Unit of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital. Forty women (mean age: 18–45 years) scheduled for laparoscopic surgery who had been diagnosed with endometriosis were recruited and randomly assigned to either a treatment group (20 mg/d of orally administered simvastatin for 2 weeks before surgery) or an untreated control group. Serum was collected before and after treatment and protein levels of MCP-1 were determined. MCP-1 and CD68 transcript levels were also quantified using real-time PCR on endometriotic cyst tissues. Results MCP-1 gene expression on endometriotic cyst was not significantly different between the simvastatin-treated and untreated groups (P = 0.99). CD68 expression was higher in the treatment group compared to the control group, but this was not statistically significant (P = 0.055). Serum MCP-1 levels following simvastatin treatment were higher than in samples obtained before treatment (297.89 ± 70.77 and 255.51 ± 63.79 pg/ml, respectively) (P = 0.01). Conclusions Treatment with 20 mg/d of simvastatin for 2 weeks did not reduce the expression of either the chemokine MCP-1 gene or macrophage-specific genes. Cumulatively, this suggests that simvastatin is not ideal for treating endometriosis because a higher dose of simvastatin (40–100 mg/d) would be needed to achieve the target outcome, which would significantly increase the risk of myopathy in patients. Trial registration Thai Clinical Trials Registry TCTR20130627003 Registered: June 27, 2013

Gastrointestinal injuries during gynaecologic operations at a university teaching hospital in Thailand: a 10-year review

The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence of gastrointestinal injuries during gynaecologic operations, the management of such injuries and associated risk factors. This case-control study (1:4) examined patients who received gynaecologic operations from 2007 to 2016 in Ramathibodi Hospital. The study cases comprised patients who had gastrointestinal injuries, while the control cases comprised patients who had gynaecologic surgeries in the same period with matching the types of procedures. The 10-year incidence was 0.38% (104 cases of gastrointestinal injuries among a total of 27,520 cases). The most common injury site was the small bowel (43.3%). There were 102 cases (98%) of gastrointestinal injuries which were diagnosed intraoperatively and which were immediately repaired with successful outcomes. Logistic regression indicated that a pelvic adhesion, previous pelvic surgery and previous abdominal surgery were predictive risk factors associated with the injuries (odds ratios: 9.45, 3.20 and 11.84, respectively). An immediate consultation with a surgeon and surgical repair of the injury resulted in excellent outcomes.Impact statement What is already known about this subject? Gastrointestinal injury is a rare, but fatal complication of gynaecologic operations. The previous small study identified some risk factors such as surgical approach and pelvic surgery associated with the injury. What do the results of this study contribute? Our study identified the associated risk factors for gastrointestinal injury, including previous abdominal injury, pelvic adhesion and previous pelvic surgery. A previous abdominal surgery was the most associated risk factor. Patients with the history of abdominal surgery had an almost 4-fold higher odds ratio than the ones with previous pelvic surgery. Other factors, including endometriosis, ovarian cancer and subsequent oncological procedures, and surgical staging were less related to the gastrointestinal injury. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? The knowledge is useful for pre-operative evaluation and preparation. Bowel preparation and consultation with surgeon are necessary for patients with these risk factors prior to their surgeries. Moreover, an immediate intra-operative surgical correction of the injury results in excellent outcomes

Effect of Vitamin E Supplement on Bone Turnover Markers in Postmenopausal Osteopenic Women: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Vitamin E is a strong anti-oxidative stress agent that affects the bone remodeling process. This study evaluates the effect of mixed-tocopherol supplements on bone remodeling in postmenopausal osteopenic women. A double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial study was designed to measure the effect of mixed-tocopherol on the bone turnover marker after 12 weeks of supplementation. All 52 osteopenic postmenopausal women were enrolled and allocated into two groups. The intervention group received mixed-tocopherol 400 IU/day, while the control group received placebo tablets. Fifty-two participants completed 12 weeks of follow-up. Under an intention-to-treat analysis, vitamin E produced a significant difference in the mean bone resorption marker (serum C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX)) compared with the placebo group (&minus;0.003 &plusmn; 0.09 and 0.121 &plusmn; 0.15, respectively (p &lt; 0.001)). In the placebo group, the CTX had increased by 35.3% at 12 weeks of supplementation versus baseline (p &lt; 0.001), while, in the vitamin E group, there was no significant change of bone resorption marker (p &lt; 0.898). In conclusion, vitamin E (mixed-tocopherol) supplementation in postmenopausal osteopenic women may have a preventive effect on bone loss through anti-resorptive activity

Effects of Ethinyl Estradiol in Combined Oral Contraceptives on Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in Ectopic Endometrial Tissue: A Randomized Controlled Study

Objective: Since endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease; therefore, combined oral contraceptives (COCs) may not be the best choice for the treatment of endometriosis. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of ethinyl estradiol (EE) and desogestrel (DSG) in COCs on cell proliferation and apoptosis in ectopic endometrial tissue as compared to DSG alone. Materials and methods: Forty-five women of reproductive age with at least one endometriotic cyst were recruited into this single-blind randomized controlled trial study and randomly divided equally into three groups. EE-DSG and DSG groups received EE (0.03 mg) and DSG (0.15 mg) or DSG alone daily for 28-35 days before surgery. The control group was prescribed nothing. Endometriotic cyst tissues were collected during ovarian cystectomy for immunohistochemistry. Results: Levels of Ki-67 positive cells in the ectopic endometrial tissue of the EE-DSG group were significantly higher than the DSG group (median [IQR]; 1.4[1.2] vs 0.6 [0.7], P <0.016). There were significantly more TUNEL-positive cells in the EE-DSG group compared to the DSG group (median [IQR]; 2.8[0.7] vs 1.8[1.4], P < 0.016, respectively). Moreover, the number of TUNEL-positive cells in the EE-DSG and DSG groups were significantly higher than the control (median [IQR]; 2.8[0.7] vs 0.2[0.2] and 1.8[1.4] vs 0.2[0.2], P <0.016). The levels of cells that positively stained for Bcl2 were not different among all groups. Conclusion: Progestin alone increased cell apoptosis in ectopic endometria. However, concurrent EE in COCs enhanced proliferation and promoted a greater apoptotic effect in ectopic endometria compared to progestin alone

Perioperative Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesic Efficacy of Morphine with Combined Nefopam and Parecoxib versus Parecoxib in Gynecologic Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study

Background. Nefopam is a non-NSAIDs and opioid sparing centrally acting drug which is effective for a multimodal postoperative analgesia. The present study aimed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of nefopam combined with parecoxib for gynecologic surgery. Methods. This randomized double-blinded control trial recruited participants (n = 72) who underwent gynecologic surgeries and divided them into either a nefopam or control group. The study group received parecoxib 40 mg plus nefopam 20 mg, while the control group received parecoxib 40 mg plus normal saline solution intravenously during open abdominal gynecological surgery. Both groups then received either nefopam or normal saline every 6 hours postoperatively for 24 hours. Intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with morphine was given for breakthrough pain within 24 h. The participants were evaluated for morphine consumption within 24 hours and postoperative pain using a verbal numerical rating scale (VNRS) at a postanesthetic care unit, at 6-, 12-, and 24-hour postoperative periods. Adverse effects were recorded. Results. Morphine consumption within 24 hours and adverse effects were not significantly different between both groups. Mean difference and 95% confident interval of morphine consumption between both groups was 1.00 (−4.56, 4.76), P=0.97. The VNRS on movement at 6 hours after surgery of the nefopam group was significantly different from that of the control group [mean (SD), 4.14 (2.11) vs. 5.14 (1.80), P=0.04]. The VNRS of the nefopam group at 12 hours after operation during resting and on movement was significantly different from that of the control group ([mean (SD), 1.47 (1.80) vs. 2.54 (2.15), P=0.03], [mean (SD), 3.22 (1.84) vs 4.17 (1.74), P=0.03]), respectively. Conclusions. The combined administration of nefopam and parecoxib during gynecologic surgery slightly reduced the VNRS at 6 and 12 hours postoperatively more than treatment with parecoxib

Additional file 1: of A case report of Tubo-ovarian abscess caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei

Timeline. Patient clinical course. (DOCX 54 kb