El reto de conservar y producir: biodiversidad y sistemas productivos en la cuenca media y baja del río cravo sur

El proyecto “Cravo Sur: río vital: estrategias para la conservación y recuperación de los bosques de la cuenca media y baja del río Cravo Sur en Yopal, San Luis de Palenque y Orocué, Casanare”, fue liderado por la Fundación Palmarito Casanare y la Fundación Cunaguaro, teniendo como socio estratégico al grupo de investigación CAZAO de la Escuela de Ciencias Agrícolas, Pecuarias y del Medio Ambiente –ECAPMA, de la Uni-versidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia –UNAD CEAD Yopal, sede para Casanare. Esta iniciativa fue financiada por el Fondo Acción a través del Acuerdo para la Conservación de Bosques Tropicales TFCA.Como producto de la investigación, así como de los trabajos realizados por investi-gadores en esta cuenca, nace el libro El reto de conservar y producir: Biodiversidad y Sistemas Productivos de la cuenca media y baja del río Cravo Sur, que corresponde a la expresión de tres aspectos concatenados, para mostrarle al lector la bondad de utilizar la figura de conservación-producción de los ecosistemas de la cuenca media y baja del río Cravo Sur. En el libro se resalta su extraordinaria biodiversidad, los siste-mas productivos presentes y las estrategias de conservación planteadas para mitigar los factores negativos que inciden en la conservación de los paisajes del río Cravo Sur.Se describe en detalle la gran biodiversidad de la cuenca, más de 1000 especies de flo-ra, 400 especies de aves, artrópodos, peces, anfibios, reptiles y mamíferos de la cuen-ca media y baja del Cravo Sur. También se incluyen capítulos dedicados a los felinos y el morrocoy (Chelonoidis carbonarius), en la cuenca del río Cravo Sur y otras cuencas de la Orinoquía, finalizando con las mariposas.Se dedica una segunda parte del libro a la descripción de los sistemas productivos, se analiza para la cuenca del Cravo Sur la ganadería bovina, los cultivos de arroz, el panorama ambiental, social y económico del cultivo de palma de aceite (Elaeis gui-neensis), los sistemas de producción piscícola de pequeña escala y el estado actual de la minería, resaltando las experiencias positivas de producción sostenible y los retos hacia delante.Finalmente, se presentan estrategias de conservación, relacionando experiencias e iniciativas que buscan el fortalecimiento de capacidades territoriales, con miras a con-servar los bosques del río Cravo Sur, descritas en los capítulos de la iniciativa privada, una poderosa herramienta de conservación en la Orinoquía Colombiana; restauración en la cuenca media y baja del río Cravo Sur; fortalecimiento de capacidades locales y finaliza con el capítulo de acuerdos de conservación voluntarios en la cuenca

Subcutaneous anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin for prevention of disease in asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trialResearch in context

Summary: Background: Anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin (hIG) can provide standardized and controlled antibody content. Data from controlled clinical trials using hIG for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 outpatients have not been reported. We assessed the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin 20% (C19-IG20%) compared to placebo in preventing development of symptomatic COVID-19 in asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: We did a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, in asymptomatic unvaccinated adults (≥18 years of age) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within 5 days between April 28 and December 27, 2021. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive a blinded subcutaneous infusion of 10 mL with 1 g or 2 g of C19-IG20%, or an equivalent volume of saline as placebo. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants who remained asymptomatic through day 14 after infusion. Secondary endpoints included the proportion of individuals who required oxygen supplementation, any medically attended visit, hospitalisation, or ICU, and viral load reduction and viral clearance in nasopharyngeal swabs. Safety was assessed as the proportion of patients with adverse events. The trial was terminated early due to a lack of potential benefit in the target population in a planned interim analysis conducted in December 2021. ClinicalTrials.gov registry: NCT04847141. Findings: 461 individuals (mean age 39.6 years [SD 12.8]) were randomized and received the intervention within a mean of 3.1 (SD 1.27) days from a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. In the prespecified modified intention-to-treat analysis that included only participants who received a subcutaneous infusion, the primary outcome occurred in 59.9% (91/152) of participants receiving 1 g C19-IG20%, 64.7% (99/153) receiving 2 g, and 63.5% (99/156) receiving placebo (difference in proportions 1 g C19-IG20% vs. placebo, −3.6%; 95% CI -14.6% to 7.3%, p = 0.53; 2 g C19-IG20% vs placebo, 1.1%; −9.6% to 11.9%, p = 0.85). None of the secondary clinical efficacy endpoints or virological endpoints were significantly different between study groups. Adverse event rate was similar between groups, and no severe or life-threatening adverse events related to investigational product infusion were reported. Interpretation: Our findings suggested that administration of subcutaneous human hyperimmune immunoglobulin C19-IG20% to asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection was safe but did not prevent development of symptomatic COVID-19. Funding: Grifols

Strategies and performance of the CMS silicon tracker alignment during LHC Run 2

The strategies for and the performance of the CMS silicon tracking system alignment during the 2015–2018 data-taking period of the LHC are described. The alignment procedures during and after data taking are explained. Alignment scenarios are also derived for use in the simulation of the detector response. Systematic effects, related to intrinsic symmetries of the alignment task or to external constraints, are discussed and illustrated for different scenarios

Precision measurement of the structure of the CMS inner tracking system using nuclear interactions

The structure of the CMS inner tracking system has been studied using nuclear interactions of hadrons striking its material. Data from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded in 2015 at the LHC are used to reconstruct millions of secondary vertices from these nuclear interactions. Precise positions of the beam pipe and the inner tracking system elements, such as the pixel detector support tube, and barrel pixel detector inner shield and support rails, are determined using these vertices. These measurements are important for detector simulations, detector upgrades, and to identify any changes in the positions of inactive elements

Precision measurement of the structure of the CMS inner tracking system using nuclear interactions

The structure of the CMS inner tracking system has been studied using nuclear interactions of hadrons striking its material. Data from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded in 2015 at the LHC are used to reconstruct millions of secondary vertices from these nuclear interactions. Precise positions of the beam pipe and the inner tracking system elements, such as the pixel detector support tube, and barrel pixel detector inner shield and support rails, are determined using these vertices. These measurements are important for detector simulations, detector upgrades, and to identify any changes in the positions of inactive elements