Appendix A. Figures showing number of detection/nondetection observations per year at all 566 5 × 5 km sites within the Dutch range of Hipparchia semele derived from single-records data, derived from short daily species lists, and derived from comprehensive daily species lists.

Figures showing number of detection/nondetection observations per year at all 566 5 × 5 km sites within the Dutch range of Hipparchia semele derived from single-records data, derived from short daily species lists, and derived from comprehensive daily species lists

Number of species by group showing significantly increasing trend, significantly decreasing trend or no significant trend in metapopulation metrics.

<p>Number of species by group showing significantly increasing trend, significantly decreasing trend or no significant trend in metapopulation metrics.</p

Dynamic site-occupancy model.

<p><i>z</i> is true occupancy (0 or 1) of a site, <i>φ</i> is local persistence probability, <i>1-φ</i> is local extinction probability, <i>γ</i> is local colonisation probability and <i>1-γ</i> is the probability that the site stays unoccupied.</p

Number of species per year that show extreme values of metapopulation metrics (de-trended).

<p>Positive frequencies refer to years with values greater than mean value +1.5 times standard deviation, negative frequencies refer to years with values smaller than mean value - 1.5 times standard deviation. Dashed line marks the range if the frequencies were distributed uniformly. a) occupancy probability, b) colonisation probability, c) persistence probability, d) occurrence of extreme years. Years with extreme weather are marked as follows:○ hot summer, □ dry spring, ▿ wet spring, ◊ mild winter, cold winter.</p

The average summer half-year temperature of the last 20 years in the Netherlands.

<p>The average summer half-year temperature of the last 20 years in the Netherlands.</p

Number of species by group that show given relationships between persistence probability and temperature in current or preceding year.

<p>Number of species by group that show given relationships between persistence probability and temperature in current or preceding year.</p