CMEMS downscaled wave operational forecast system

This document describes the numerical modelling work for waves done in wp5.2. needed to implement OSPA

CMEMS downscaled circulation operational forecast system

This document describes the numerical modelling work done in task 5.2 needed to implement OSPA

Determining the apoptotic-inducing property of isothiocyanates extracted from three cultivars of Raphanus sativus Linn. using the comet assay

The apoptotic inducing property of three cultivars of Raphanus sativus L.: white or daikon, red or cherry belle, and large red, were tested on three cancer cell lines: MCF-7, K562, and HT-29. The wild type PAE cells were also incubated with radish extracts for genotoxicity. Each cell line was cultured and treated with either one kind of juice extract or enzymatically hydrolyzed radish sample for 24 hours before harvesting and processing for single cell gel electrophoresis. For each culture set-up, 50 images of cells were captured and analyzed for DNA damage based on three parameters: tail length (TL), percent DNA in the tail (D), and tail moment (TM). Multiple comparisons using Tukey\u27s HSD procedure showed that juice extracts resulted to substantial genotoxicity in MCF-7 cells among the cancer lines based on the superior TL, D, and TM of the comets having 95% CI of [161.16, 231.44], [33.85, 46.63], and [99.97, 157.91], respectively. The juice extracts exhibited no genotoxicity towards normal PAE cells. Extracts from a β-thioglucosidase assisted hydrolysis of white tubers manifested significant disruption of DNA integrity of MCF-7 cells than that of the red tubers (p \u3c 0.0001). Furthermore, DNA fragmentation for MCF-7 cells treated with juice and semi-purified preparations of the white tuber were found to be similar with 95% CI for mean differences of [-112.81, 24.21] for TL, [-18.03, 5.93] for D and [-56.72, 52.15] for TM. From the results, it can be construed that preparations of R. sativus L. can be a substantial source of biologically active constituents that have the ability to cleave DNA in mutant cell lines while being non-genotoxic to wild type immortalized cells. © 2017 Maria Carmen S. Tan et al

The genotoxic potential of alugbati leaf extracts on MCF-7 cells

To determine the genotoxicity of alugbati (Basella alba Linn. var. rubra) leaf extracts on breast adenocarcinoma, the Comet assay was employed on MCF-7 cells incubated with the following: lyophilized alugbati juice extracts reconstituted with 2 % DMSO (AJ) and in aqueous media (AJ2), and lyophilized alugbati hydrolysate (exogenous myrosinase (E.C. 3.2.3.1) assisted) re- dissolved with 2 % DMSO in culture media (AH). Untreated MCF-7 cells in 2 % DMSO served as the negative control. MANOVA and Post hoc Tukey\u27s HSD were employed to determine statistically significant differences among the samples. First, mutant cells in AJ and AH formed pronounced comet tails indicating that DNA damage had occurred significantly compared to that of the control. Post hoc comparisons between AJ and AH indicated that both samples exhibited comparable effects to MCF-7 cells. Due to the similarity of AJ to AH, it was presumed that hydrolysis occurred during the mechanical process of juice extraction. Second, AJ2 exhibited analogous results with the control; whereas, AJ was found to be statistically different. Aberrant cells incubated with the control and AJ2 trials exhibited relatively minimal genotoxicity as evidenced by intact nuclei. Overall, multiple comparisons illustrated that the most prominent DNA damage was observed by extracts AJ and AH in all parameters. The results of this study suggested that alugbati leaves subjected to enzyme-assisted hydrolysis or juice extractions prepared in DMSO caused considerable DNA damage in MCF-7 cells. © 2019 Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences

Multi-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistant HIV type-1 in a patient from Sierra Leone failing stavudine, lamivudine and nevirapine

We report a 33-year-old HIV type-1 (HIV-1)-infected male from Sierra Leone who harboured extensive drug resistance mutations to all nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and non-NRTIs, including the multi-NRTI-resistance Q151M complex, K65R, M184I and Y181I, after using standard first-line generic fixed-dose stavudine, lamivudine and nevirapine (Triomune (TM)) for 36 months. In the context of non-B subtypes in resource-limited countries, first-line stavudine-containing regimens have been associated with more extensive and complex mutation patterns, compared with subtype B viruses. Whether the extensive and complex NRTI resistance patterns found among African patients failing first-line antiretroviral therapy is explained by viral genetic diversity or by different patient monitoring strategies remains to be elucidated. Emerging multi-NRTI resistance in sub-Saharan Africa would not only compromise second-line treatment options and the success of antiretroviral rollout, but could also contribute to the spread of drug-resistant variants worldwide

CMEMS downscaled wave operational forecast system

This document describes the numerical modelling work for waves done in wp5.2. needed to implement OSPA

CMEMS downscaled circulation operational forecast system

This document describes the numerical modelling work done in task 5.2 needed to implement OSPA

Introduction

The heterogeneous nature of the Mediterranean environment, combined with a wide diversity of socio-economic and cultural identities, make this region particularly amenable to integrated research on climate change impacts, vulnerabilities, and adaptive response. Eleven case-study locations have been strategically selected to represent three generic Mediterranean environments (urban, rural and coastal). While each case study location comprises a unique and complex set of climate-related issues, the range and scope of the case studies allows identification of common lessons and messages for the wider Mediterranean region. The aim is to perform an integrated assessment of climate impacts, vulnerability and adaptation at a regional to local scale. A risk-based \u2018bottom up\u2019 approach (based on regional stakeholder dialogue) is combined with a \u2018top down\u2019 case-study indicator assessment focused on a common conceptual and methodological framework

Climate Impact Assessments

This chapter highlights key climate impacts, hazards and vulnerabilities and associated indicators that have been used to assess current (recent) climate impacts at each of the case-study sites. The aim is to illustrate some of the wide range of information available from individual case studies and highlight common themes that are evident across multiple case-study locations. This is used to demonstrate linkages and sensitivities between the speci fi c climate impacts of relevance for each case-study type (urban, rural and coastal) and the key climate hazards and biogeophysical and social vulnerabilities representing the underlying drivers and site conditions. For some impacts, there are clear, direct links with climate events, such as heat stress and fl ooding, while for others, such as energy supply and demand, the causal relationships are more indirect, via a cascade of climate, social and economic in fl uences. Water availability and extreme temperatures are common drivers of current climate impacts across all case studies, including, for example, freshwater supply and heat stress for urban populations; irrigation capacity and growing season length for agricultural regions; and saltwater intrusion of aquifers and tourist visitor numbers at coastal locations. At some individual case-study locations, speci fi c impacts, hazards and/ or vulnerabilities are observed, such as peri-urban fires in Greater Athens, infrastructure vulnerability to coastal fl ooding in Alexandria, groundwater levels in Tel Hadya and vector-borne diseases in the Gulf of Oran. Throughout this chapter, evidence of current climate impacts, hazards and vulnerabilities from each of the case studies is detailed and assessed relative to other case studies. This provides a foundation for considering the wider perspective of the Mediterranean region as a whole, and for providing a context from which to assess consequences of future climate projections and consider suitable adaptation options