Padrões hematológicos em Cebus apella, anestesiados com quetamina

Blood samples were collected from 124 captive Capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) at Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo, anesthetized with ketamine (10 mg/kg, IM). Hematological parameters (RBC, WBC, differential count, hematocrit, hemoglobin, MCV, MCH and MCHC) were determined, and influence of sex and age on hematologic values was studied.Amostras de sangue foram colhidas de 124 macacos-prego (Cebus apella) da Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo, anestesiados com quetamina (10 mg/kg, IM), com a finalidade de determinar os seguintes parâmetros hematológicos: contagens globais de hemácias e leucócitos, contagem diferencial de leucócitos, hematócrito, hemoglobina e índices hematimétricos (VCM, HCM e CHCM), expressos em média e desvio padrão. Estudou-se a influência do sexo e da idade sobre os referidos parâmetros

Contrasting Microbial Community Assembly Hypotheses: A Reconciling Tale from the Río Tinto

The Río Tinto (RT) is distinguished from other acid mine drainage systems by its natural and ancient origins. Microbial life from all three domains flourishes in this ecosystem, but bacteria dominate metabolic processes that perpetuate environmental extremes. While the patchy geochemistry of the RT likely influences the dynamics of bacterial populations, demonstrating which environmental variables shape microbial diversity and unveiling the mechanisms underlying observed patterns, remain major challenges in microbial ecology whose answers rely upon detailed assessments of community structures coupled with fine-scale measurements of physico-chemical parameters.By using high-throughput environmental tag sequencing we achieved saturation of richness estimators for the first time in the RT. We found that environmental factors dictate the distribution of the most abundant taxa in this system, but stochastic niche differentiation processes, such as mutation and dispersal, also contribute to observed diversity patterns.We predict that studies providing clues to the evolutionary and ecological processes underlying microbial distributions will reconcile the ongoing debate between the Baas Becking vs. Hubbell community assembly hypotheses

Overcoming instabilities in Verlet-I/r-RESPA with the mollified impulse method

Abstract. The primary objective of this paper is to explain the derivation of symplectic mollified Verlet-I/r-RESPA (MOLLY) methods that overcome linear and nonlinear instabilities that arise as numerical artifacts in Verlet-I/r-RESPA. These methods allow for lengthening of the longest time step used in molecular dynamics (MD). We provide evidence that MOLLY methods can take a longest time step that is 50 % greater than that of Verlet-I/r-RESPA, for a given drift, including no drift. A 350 % increase in the timestep is possible using MOLLY with mild Langevin damping while still computing dynamic properties accurately. Furthermore, longer time steps also enhance the scalability of multiple time stepping integrators that use the popular Particle Mesh Ewald method for computing full electrostatics, since the parallel bottleneck of the fast Fourier transform associated with PME is invoked less often. An additional objective of this paper is to give sufficient implementation details for these mollified integrators, so that interested users may implement them into their MD codes, or use the program ProtoMol in which we have implemented these methods