Zmiennosc faz rozwojowych oraz wybranych cech gospodarczych odmian chmielu [Humulus lupulus L.] zgromadzonych w kolekcji

Kolekcja odmian chmielu (Humulus lupulus L.) IUNG w Puławach obejmuje 191 odmian uprawnych pochodzących z: Europy, Azji, Australii i Ameryki Północnej oraz kilkadziesiąt ekotypów chmielu dzikiego i około 300 roślin męskich. Stanowi ona podstawę prac hodowlanych prowadzonych w ośrodku puławskim już około 60 lat. Celem badań jest ocena najważniejszych cech użytkowych zgromadzonego materiału. Omówiono wpływ warunków pogodowych oraz cech odmianowych na: plonowanie dwóch najważniejszych grup odmian - aromatycznych i goryczkowych, zawartość w nich alfa-kwasów i azotanów. Ponadto scharakteryzowano różnice w długości okresu wegetacji i poszczególnych faz rozwojowych a także podano wyniki pomiarów biometrycznych: liczba międzywężli i ich długość, długość pędów bocznych, wysokość osadzania pierwszych pędów plonujących oraz wskaźnik skręcalności, który jest miarą przydatności roślin do naprowadzania na przewodniki.The collection of hop varieties (Humulus lupulus L.) held at the Institute Puławy, includens 191 cultivars from Europe, Asia, Australia and North America as well as of a number of wild hops ecotypes and ca. 300 male plants. The objective of collection research was to study the major usable traits of the collection accessions. It was discussed how the weather conditions and the variety affect the following traits: yields of two major cultivar groups - aroma and bitter (high alpha), nitrate and alpha - acid contents thereof. Differences in the duration of growth period and its successive stages were characterized. The following biometrical records were included: number and length of internodes, length of lateral shoots, the height of attachmet of the first cone-bearing shoots, coiling index which determines how easy the shoots are trained onto twines

The role of agrotourism associations in tourism support at rural areas

Agroturystyka może stać się szansą rozwoju regionów atrakcyjnych turystycznie, cechujących się niskim poziomem uprzemysłowienia i urbanizacji. Do takich należy woj. warmińsko-mazurskie. Dodatkowym atutem tego typu działalności jest możliwość współpracy właścicieli gospodarstw z licznie powstającymi organizacjami wspierającymi i popularyzującymi wypoczynek na wsi. Celem opracowania było wskazanie roli stowarzyszeń we wspieraniu działalności agroturystycznej gospodarstw rolnych. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań wykazały, że przynależność do stowarzyszenia agroturystycznego oraz możliwość uczestnictwa w organizowanych przez nie szkoleniach według 86,2% respondentów przyczyniła się do poszerzenia wiedzy na temat prowadzenia tego typu działalności oraz pomogła w promocji gospodarstwa.Agroturism may give a chance for development of the regions attractive to tourists, characterized with low level of industrialization and urbanization. For such is subjected Warmia and Mazurian Voivodeship. Another advantage is the possibility of cooperation of the owners with many emerging organizations providing support and popularizing in the country. The studies aim was to determine the role of agrotouristic associations in the support of agroturism activities. Results of the study showed that membership in the association of agroturism and the ability to participate in training courses organized by 86,2% of respondents contributed to the knowledge about the such operations and assistance in the promotion of the farm

Investigation of thermal interface materials reinforced with micro- and nanoparticles

Heat management is one of the major challenges in modern electronic devices. The higher performance results in a production of greater amount of heat which needs to be efficiently dissipated so as to ensure the electronic devices operational during the period of lifetime. This paper discusses the application of micro- and nano-materials in thermal interface materials (TIM) used for heat management. Effects of type, size and geometry of different fillers were experimentally investigated. The results showed that it is recommended to utilize silver particles compared to copper ones to achieve higher heat dissipation. And the particles of smaller size may enhance the thermal conductivity of elaborated materials

Efficient Inkjet Printing of Graphene-Based Elements: Influence of Dispersing Agent on Ink Viscosity

Inkjet printing is an excellent printing technique and an attractive alternative to conventional technologies for the production of flexible, low-cost microelectronic devices. Among many parameters that have a significant impact on the correctness of the printing process, the most important is ink viscosity. During the printing process, the ink is influenced by different strains and forces, which significantly change the printing results. The authors present a model and calculations referring to the shear rate of ink in an inkjet printer nozzle. Supporting experiments were conducted, proving the model assumptions for two different ink formulations: initial ink and with the addition of a dispersing agent. The most important findings are summarized by the process window regime of parameters, which is much broader for the inks with a dispersing agent. Such inks exhibit preferable viscosity, better print-ability, and higher path quality with lower resistivity. Presented results allow stating that proper, stable graphene inks adjusted for inkjet technique rheology must contain modifiers such as dispersing agents to be effectively printed

Comparisons of nano-additives influence on properties of the bi-modal solder pastes for special applications

The paper presented the results of investigation of two solder pastes SnBi and SAC with different nano-particles, which could be applied for special application. It was presented that materials and samples preparation for investigation. The results of SEM analyzer of solder joints executed using these pastes and their shear strength measurements enable to make the comparison of nano-additives influence on properties of the bi-modal solders pastes. It was observed that addition of nano-particles into both solder pastes changed the microstructure of solder joints, and formed a large number of nano-sized grains with uniform distribution. For the SAC solder joints with nano-Ag particles it was also observed that specific Ag3Sn crystallites. We supposed that the Ag3Sn crystals, which created "internal net" and nano-sized grains with uniform distribution must influence the mechanical properties of the solder joints. The results of shear strength measurements of solder joints confirmed the significantly higher shear strength of bimodal solder joints in comparison to reference solder joints without nano-additives