GRAVIDEZ: EFEITOS DO EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO EM SOLO E DA ATIVIDADE EM MEIO AQUÁTICO.

RESUMO: A falta de informações aliada à presença de poucos estudos relacionando a gravidez ao exercício físico são expressos no baixo número de gestantes que realizam exercício físico durante a gestação. O presente estudo visa fazer um levantamento bibliográfico sobre a prática do exercício físico por gestantes no ambiente terrestre e no meio aquático, e relatar seus efeitos fisiológicos e benefícios para o organismo materno. Foi utilizado o método de revisão bibliográfica, incluindo materiais nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, que discorressem sobre as palavras-chave e com recorte temporal de 2000 a 2012. Em relação ao exercício em solo, foram apontados inúmeros benefícios tanto durante a gestação, quanto no parto e no pós-parto, como a diminuição das dores lombares, a prevenção de hipertensão arterial e cardiopatias isquêmicas. No meio aquático, o efeito da pressão hidrostática foi apontado como responsável pela queda da frequência cardíaca, da pressão arterial e pelo aumento do retorno venoso com a diminuição de edemas; ressalta-se que a água propicia segurança para a grávida por não apresentar risco de quedas. Conclui-se que os exercícios devem ser realizados sob orientação de profissionais especializados, obedecendo à individualidade de cada mulher; que mais importante do que a escolha do meio aquático ou terrestre, é a prática de exercício físico, sendo o ideal a conciliação dos trabalhos nos dois meios

PARA ALÉM DE UMA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA ESCOLAR: MEDIAÇÃO PEDAGÓGICA E TRANSDISCIPLINARIDADE

Refletir sobre as mediações pedagógicas em meio à prática pedagógica da Educação Física é um desafio constante para os professores. É por isso, sobre a luz dos pressupostos da Transdisciplinaridade, busca-se evidenciar algumas reflexões sobre a mediação pedagógica Nesse intuito, este ensaio teórico tem como objetivo refletir sobre a Educação Física Escolar, buscando compreender o movimento da mediação pedagógica, frente ao olhar transdisciplinar. Para alcançar tal objetivo, a divisão do texto está posta em discutir brevemente o que é Transdisciplinaridade; Contextualizar a Educação Física escolar; e por fim, repensar teoricamente a mediação pedagógica, sob um posicionamento transdisciplinar na Educação Física

Development of New Natural Lipid-Based Nanoparticles Loaded with Aluminum-Phthalocyanine for Photodynamic Therapy against Melanoma

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated by photosensitizers loaded in nanostructures as solid lipid nanoparticles has been pinpointed as an effective and safe treatment against different skin cancers. Amazon butters have an interesting lipid composition when it comes to forming solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). In the present report, a new third-generation photosensitizing system consisting of aluminum-phthalocyanine associated with Amazon butter-based solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN-AlPc) is described. The SLN was developed using murumuru butter, and a monodisperse population of nanodroplets with a hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 40 nm was obtained. The study of the permeation of these AlPc did not permeate the analyzed skin, but when incorporated into the system, SLN-AlPc allowed permeation of almost 100% with 8 h of contact. It must be emphasized that SLN-AlPc was efficient for carrying aluminum-phthalocyanine photosensitizers and exhibited no toxicity in the dark. Photoactivated SLN-AlPc exhibited a 50% cytotoxicity concentration (IC50) of 19.62 nM when applied to B16-F10 monolayers, and the type of death caused by the treatment was apoptosis. The exposed phospholipid phosphatidylserine was identified, and the treatment triggered a high expression of Caspase 3. A stable Amazon butter-based SLN-AlPc formulation was developed, which exhibits strong in vitro photodynamic activity on melanoma cells

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)