First Record of the Arid-Land Termite, \u3ci\u3eReticulitermes Tibialis\u3c/i\u3e Banks, in Wisconsin

During a survey of termites in Wisconsin, one colony was found from a different habitat than the remaining populations. This observation led to further genetic testing which resulted in a determination of Reticulitermes tibialis Banks. This is the first record of a termite species other than Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) to be established in the state

Report on adjusting a high throughput screening tool to support water use phenotyping in forages

Drought severely limits forage productivity. The avoidance of water deficit by increasing the capacity for water uptake or by controlling water loss are common responses. A fine interplay exists between the acquisition of water by roots in drying soil and water loss through transpiration. These two components tend to act simultaneously. The following approach and aim is therefore to provide information of shoot development, root development and water use over time of plants growing under greenhouse conditions with soil from target sites. Greenhouse studies is a vital part of phenotyping for drought conditions as allow the recording of responses that would be otherwise impossible under filed conditions

Temporary and Permanent Components of Colombia's Output

Structural time series models, frequency domain analysis, the HP-filetr, and the Blanchard-Quah decomposition, are used to observe, some peculiarities of the business cycle. Such properties are those related the volatility of the temporary component and the duration of the business cycle during both 1925-1994 and 1950-1994. For the longer period we find that cycles between three and six years seem to be the most important for the variability of output; volatility is greater for GDP than for per capita GDP, except when the processes are linearly detrended. For period 1950-1994. GDP, except when the processes are linearly detrended. For period 1950-1994. Although the linear trend plus cycle model does not perform very well, cycles of about eight years seem to be most important for the cycle. The results of the Blanchard and Quah decomposition show that demand shocks have important explanatory attributes for output fluctuations. However, supply shocks, are dominant in the behaviour of output.

Collaborative memory knowledge: A distributed reliabilist perspective

Collaborative remembering, in which two or more individuals cooperate to remember together, is an ordinary occurrence. Ordinary though it may be, it challenges traditional understandings of remembering as a cognitive process unfolding within a single subject, as well as traditional understandings of memory knowledge as a justified memory belief held within the mind of a single subject. Collaborative memory has come to be a major area of research in psychology, but it has so far not been investigated in epistemology. In this chapter, we attempt an initial exploration of the epistemological implications of collaborative memory research, taking as our starting point the “extended knowledge” debate which has resulted from the recent encounter between extracranialist theories of cognition and externalist theories of knowledge (Carter et al., 2014; Carter et al., forthcoming). Various forms of socially and technologically augmented memory have played important roles in the extended knowledge debate, but the debate has so far not taken collaborative memory, in particular, into account. We will argue that collaborative memory supports a novel externalist theory of knowledge: distributed reliabilism. Distributed reliabilism departs in two important respects from both traditional reliabilism (Goldman, 2012) and updated theories such as extended (Goldberg, 2010) and social reliabilism (Goldman, 2014). First, it acknowledges that belief-forming processes may extend extracranially to include processing performed both by other subjects and by technological artifacts. Second, it acknowledges that distributed sociotechnical systems themselves may be knowing subjects. Overall, then, the main aim of the chapter is to draw out the philosophical implications of psychological research on collaborative memory. But our argument will also suggest that it may be useful to broaden the standard conception of collaborative memory to include not only the sorts of direct interactions among subjects that have been the focus of psychological research so far but also a range of more indirect, technology-supported and -mediated interactions, and it thus has implications for psychology as well

Some Univariate Time Series Properties of Output

This paper deals with the size of the random walk property of Colombia's output in two periods 1925-1994 and 1950-1994. GDP and GDPPC were both found to be integrated of order one a result which is very well known. The sequences are highly persistent, specially in the period 1950-1994. The forecast error when an innovation of 1 percent enters into the economy is about 1.5 percent in the very long run, when GDP is considered. The response is about 1.3 percent in the case of GDPPC, which seems to give support to the idea that population growth is a source of nonstationarity in some macroeconomic aggregates. For the larger sample(1925-1994) persistence is less. This result could cast some doubt on the method of estimation of GDP for the period 1925-1950. Finally, evidence of nonlinearity is found only in Hodrick- Prescott filtered variables dated between 1925 and 1994. This leaves open the question about whether the HP filter introduces nonlinearity in the hight frequency variable that it generates.Unit roots, persistence, nonlinearities, logistic function, ESTAR and, LSTAR. models.

Differences between thin films deposition systems in the production transition metal nitride

The progress in vacuum technology have enabled the development of advanced coatings processes such as plasma assisted systems, which can produce thin films of different composition and optimum properties, that cannot be collected for the same material. The techniques of Pulsed Arc, Ionic Implantation and Sputtering have differences to produce coatings. Currently, AuN films have been grown by different techniques such as ion implantation, Reactive Ion Sputtering and Pulsed Arc, which have differences in the grown of the film. Siller 2002 reported a binding energy of 396.6 eV to N1s narrow spectrum as the first direct observation of a gold nitride. In this work, AuN thin films were grown in a system Plasma-Assisted Physical Vapor Deposition by pulsed arc technique. A N1s spectra was obtained with binding energies of 398.1, which by means of the differences between the techniques of ion implantation, sputtering and pulsed arc is concluded have been assigned to gold nitride species