Relationship between Pentosidine and Pyridinoline Levels in Human Diabetic Cataract Lenses

The relationship between the levels of two different crosslink compounds, pentosidine and pyridinoline, in human diabetic cataract lenses was investigated to elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of diabetic cataract. Subjects were classified into diabetes mellitus (DM) group and non-DM group according to the presence or absence of DM. The levels of the crosslink compounds were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography and spectrofluorometry after acid hydrolysis. In the non-DM group the pentosidine level was significantly and positively correlated with the pyridinoline level and age. In the DM group the pentosidine level was not significantly correlated with either pyridinoline level or age. Pyridinoline levels and age were not significantly correlated in either group. The increase in crosslink compounds due to glycation and the relationship between the compounds are changed in DM lenses

Correlation between the matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity and chondroitin sulfate concentrations in tear fluid after laser in situ keratomileusis

Tetsuya Mutoh, Masaya Nishio, Yukihiro Matsumoto, Kiyomi Arai Department of Ophthalmology, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Koshigaya, Saitama, JapanAims: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlation between matrix ­metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) concentrations in human tear fluid following laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).Methods: Twelve eyes from six patients who had no ocular complaints except for ­refractive errors, and who had undergone LASIK, were enrolled in this study. We measured the ­concentrations of chondroitin 4 sulfate (C4S), chondroitin 6 sulfate (C6S), and MMP-9 activity with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and an enzyme immunocapture activity assay preoperatively and postoperatively on days 1 and 4, week 1, and at 1 and 3 months.Results: Although the preoperative MMP-9 activity and the C4S concentration were highly correlated (r = 0.900; P < 0.001), they were not postoperatively correlated at month 1. Although the preoperative MMP-9 activity and the C6S concentration were highly ­correlated (r = 0.885; P < 0.001), they were not postoperatively correlated at either week 1 or months 1 and 3.Conclusions: The correlation appeared to be collapsed by LASIK, and it did not recover to the preoperative score at 3 months post-surgery. Our study indicates that the corneal wound healing was not terminated at 3 months following LASIK.Keywords: preoperative correlation, postoperative correlation, wound healing, refractive errors, human corne

Photorefractive keratectomy: measuring the matrix metalloproteinase activity and chondroitin sulfate concentration in tear fluid

We herein report the case of a 20-year-old man who underwent a photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). We measured matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity and chondroitin 4 sulfate and chondroitin 6 sulfate concentrations in tear fluid. Tear fluid was collected pre-operatively via microcapillary tube, and was collected postoperatively on the first and fourth days, and after one week, one month, three months, and six months. Samples were formulated by dilution with 200 μL of saline. MMP-9 activity was analyzed by an enzyme immunocapture activity assay, and the concentrations of chondroitin sulfate were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. No complications were observed after surgery, except for a minimal subepithelial haze. Although MMP-9 activity changed on the fourth postoperative day, the activity changed only minimally at this time. Chondroitin 4 sulfate concentrations in tear fluid increased dramatically from one week to one month, decreased transiently at three months, and increased by six months. The chondroitin 6 sulfate concentration did not normalize within one week, and decreased from one week to three months compared with the preoperative score, and was close to the preoperative score at six months. We conclude that corneal wound healing was still incomplete six months after PRK, and chondroitin 4 sulfate appears to be critical in this process

Pre- and Postoperative Ocular Events in Cataract Patients with Small Pupils who Underwent Cataract Surgery

Purpose：To analyze pre- and postoperative surgical events in cataract patients with small pupils who underwent cataract surgery.Patients and methods：We reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent cataract surgery between January 2009 and May 2014 at Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital. Surgery was performed by four experienced surgeons. We included 106 eyes from 83 patients with pupil sizes ＜5 mm in diameter who required iris retractors during the cataract surgery （small pupil group）. The control group was comprised of 447 eyes from 319 patients with pupil sizes ＞5 mm in diameter who did not require a mechanical dilatation of the pupil during cataract surgery. Pre- and postoperative intra- or extraocular surgical events were analyzed.Results：Preoperative intra- or extraocular surgical events were observed in 36 eyes （34.0％） in the small pupil group and 72 eyes （16.1％） in the control group, with a significant difference observed for those who underwent laser iridotomy （P＜0.001） and trabeclectomy （P＜0.01）. Postoperative intra- or extraocular events were observed in 25 eyes （23.6％） in the small pupil group and 61 eyes （13.7％） in the control group, with significant differences observed for those who underwent the following procedures：trabeculectomy （P＜0.001）, sub-Tenon’s injection of triamcinolone acetonide （P＜0.001）, and posterior capsulotomy （P＝0.012）.Conclusion：Cataract patients with small pupils often have pre- and postoperative intra- or extraocular surgical events. It should be recognized that cataract surgery is only one step in the treatment of cataract patients with small pupils

ゼンガンブ ケイコウ ソクテイ ソウチ ニ ヨル スイショウタイ ジハツ ケイコウ ノ セイタイ ナイ テイリョウ

前眼部螢光測定装置を改良し,励起側中心波長Ex 340 nm(260-390 nm),螢光側中心波長Em 440 nm(400-710 nm)で白内障のない水晶体の自発螢光をin vivoで測定した.水晶体自発螢光値の年代別変化は,10歳代38.7±8.4(photoncount/msec),20歳代56.0±15.4,30歳代74.4±14.4,40歳代94.2±28.6,50歳代115.3±27.0,60歳代113.8±32.3で,50歳代まで加齢とともに増加し,水晶体の自発螢光は年齢と有意な正の相関を示した(r=0.76,p<0.01).水晶体の自発螢光値の増加は加齢現象を示す指標の一つであり,本測定装置により水晶体の加齢変化を非侵襲かつ簡便に測定できると考えられた.To investigate changes in lens autofluorescence with aging, we measured the in vivo autofluorescence of non-cataract lenses using an anterior fluorophotometer. The FL-500 anterior fluorophotometer is a non-invasive, simplified quantification measuring device with improved filters of optimum wavelengths to measure lens autofluorescence(excitation filter:center 340 nm(260-390 nm), emission filter: center 440 nm(400-710 nm)). The subjects were 410 non-cataract eyes from volunteers aged 8-69 without systemic disease such as diabetes. Autofluorescence was compared between lenses grouped according to age(decades). Thus, autofluorescence was 38.7±8.4(photoncount/msec) for the second decade of life(10-19 years old), 56.0±15.4 for the third(20-29 years old), 74.4±14.4 for the fourth (30-39 years old), 94.2±28.6 for the fifth(40-49 years old), 115.3±27.0 for the sixth(50-59 years old), and 113.8±32.3 for the seventh(60-69 years old). These measurements increased significantly from the first to the fifth decade(p< 0.01), so lens autofluorescence was significantly correlated with age(r=0.76, p<0.01). In conclusion, the autofluorescence of non-cataract lenses increases with age from 10 to 50 years, and therefore represents a good indication of aging

Enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species by interferon-γ may have contributed to successful treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease.

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a life-threatening complication of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a rare inherited disorder of phagocytes that is characterized by a defect in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by mutations in NADPH oxidase 2. Here, we report a case of successful treatment of IPA complicated with CGD by the administration of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in combination with voriconazole. The patient carried a splice site mutation in the CYBB gene, and the neutrophils could produce a certain amount of ROS. In this case, augmentation of ROS generation in the patient's neutrophils was observed after in vivo IFN-γ treatment, which may be attributable to the induction of a normal CYBB gene in the myeloid progenitor cells. This treatment, in combination with voriconazole, may have contributed to the reversal of IPA in this patient. These results suggest that the in vivo use of IFN-γ may augment ROS generation in CGD neutrophils, thus leading to the successful treatment of severe IPA