Treatment of third-degree burn wounds in animal specimens: Acellular dermis or partial-thickness skin graft Traitement des brûlures du 3ème degré chez l�animal: Derme acel-lulaire ou greffe semi-épaisse

Several dermal products have been introduced to substitute dermal tissues. In this study we review the effects of these products on repairing third-degree burn wounds and managing complications in animal specimens. Using an interventional approach, rats were randomly assigned to four groups (G1 to G4). Two wounds were created on the back of each rat. An open wound was left on the back of rats in G1; in G2, wounds were covered with a thick rat derived-ADM product and overlying thin skin graft; on G3 rats, similar third degree ulcers were made with one ulcer covered with harvested thin skin graft. In G4, ulcers were covered with a thin rat derived-ADM product and thin graft. Factors such as take rate, histopathological score, wound contracture and graft contracture were compared on the 7th, 15th, 21st and 30th day. Mean graft take rate on the 30th day in the thick ADM, thin ADM and graft group showed a significant difference (p=0.015). Histopathological score on the 30th day in the thin ADM, thick ADM and graft group showed no considerable difference. Mean graft take rate was significantly better in the thin ADM and graft group than in the thick ADM group. Wound contracture was significantly more severe in the thick ADM and control group than in the thin ADM and graft group. © 2018, Mediterranean Club for Burns and Fire Disasters. All rights reserved

Optimised exergy efficiency of a combined flash spray desalinator recovering discharge thermal energy

This study focuses on an individualised exergy analysis approach for optimising the exergy efficiencies of the high irreversible components for a new discharge thermal energy combined desalination (DTECD) system. DTECD is a newly introduced energy recovery system to use the latent heat of waste steam. It is a combination of closed and open thermodynamic cycles, which cogenerates power and pure water. Based on the extra steam in an ammonia plant, two scenarios were modelled with respect to the exergy performance, which were individualised to find the irreversibility of each component. The results showed that exergy efficiency of the entire system is about 50%. Also, it was found that the working fluid evaporator and vacuum flash desalinator were the most exergy destructive equipment in the closed power cycle and open water cycle, respectively. The performance of the DTECD system utilising a vacuum single-stage spray flash evaporator is compared with similar technologies. Finally, recommendations are provided as to how the exergy efficiencies of these low-efficiency pieces of equipment can be optimised by changing the operating parameters such as vacuum pressure and working fluid concentration

Performance analysis of a low pressure discharge thermal energy combined desalination unit

This study proposes a novel steam recovery cogeneration system, which is based on the low temperature thermal desalination (LTTD) system and named Low Pressure-Discharge Thermal Energy Combined Desalination (LP-DTECD). This technology includes open water and closed power cycles. Utilizing discharged thermal energy from a waste steam in an ammonia plant to cogenerate water and power is one significant of this system. Also, using an eductor instead of a steam jet ejector or a rotary vacuum pump to save valuable steam and make a convenient operation is another merit of the proposed technology. The mixture of NH-HO is utilised as working fluid for its closed Rankin cycle. A 28% improvement in the exergy flow was noted as in comparison with the energy waste of the base case. Utilising the LP-DTECD system is economical and demonstrates an improved CO emission reduction by 7%

Recherche de particules supersymétriques dans les canaux dimuons avec le détecteur DØ au TeVatron

Le Modèle Standard de la Physique des Particules décrit les particules élémentaires, qui constituent la matière, et leurs interactions. Malgré ses succès expérimentaux, il est certain que ce modèle ne peut être qu'une approximation d'une théorie plus fondamentale. La théorie supersymétrique est un candidat attractif pour étendre le Modèle Standard. Cette théorie prédit l'existence de nouvelles particules appelées superpartenaires. La thèse décrit de façon succinte les principaux aspects théoriques et phénoménologiques avant de faire le point sur l'état des recherches auprès du collisionneur électron-positron LEP et du collisionneur hadronique TeVatron pendant le Run I. L'analyse se concentre ensuite sur la recherche des squarks et des gluinos, superpartenaires des quarks et gluons, qui devraient être produits abondamment au TeVatron. Dans leur désintégration en cascade, ces particules produisent en majorité des jets de hadrons et dans une moindre mesure, des leptons. Les topologies avec leptons compensent en partie leur manque de statistique par une meilleure rejection du bruit de fond. Les canaux conduisant dans l'état final à deux muons, au moins deux jets de hadrons, et de l'énergie transverse manquante sont analysés en détail dans les données accumulées jusqu'à présent par l'expérience D0 au cours du Run II (soit pour une luminosité intégrée de 170 pb^-1 ). Aucun excès d'événements n'ayant été observé des limites inférieures sur la masse des squarks et gluinos ont pu être établies pour un set de valeurs des paramètres du Modèle de Super-Gravité minimal.The Standard Model of Particles Physics describes the elementary particles, which compose matter, and their interactions. Despite of its experimental success, it is clear that this model is only an approximation of a more fundamental theory. Supersymmetry is an attractive way to extend the Standard Model. This theory predicts the existence of new particles called superpartners. The thesis describes shortly the main theoretical and phenomenological features before giving the status of the searches at the electron-positron collider LEP and at the hadron collider TeVatron during the Run I period. The analysis points then to the search for squarks and gluinos, the superpartners of quarks and gluons, which should be produced copiously at a hadron collider. In their cascade decay, these particles produce mainly hadron jets and less frequently leptons. However, the topologies with leptons compensate their small statistics by a better rejection against back-ground. The channels leading to the final state with two muons, at least two jets and missing transverse energy are analyzed in detail with data presently accumulated by the D0 experiment during Run II (that is 170 pb^-1 integrated luminosity). No excess of events has been observed, lower limits on the mass of squarks and gluinos have been set for a region of parameters in the minimal Super Gravity Model.ORSAY-PARIS 11-BU Sciences (914712101) / SudocSudocFranceF