13 research outputs found
Fatty Acid Profile and Conjugated Linoleic Acid Content of Milk from Confined Holstein Cows During the Summer and Winter Seasons
NIVELES SÉRICOS DE VITAMINA E, VITAMINA A Y HIERRO EN CERDOS DESTETADOS DE GRANJAS PORCÍCOLAS DEL MUNICIPIO DE HERMOSILLO: ESTUDIO PILOTO
Se determinaron los niveles séricos de vitamina A, E y hierro en cerdos de granjas porcícolas del Municipio de Hermosillo, Sonora, México, ya que actualmente se carece de información de estos micronutrientes en esta región. Se muestrearon 4 granjas, en donde se tomaron muestras de sangre en base al 5 % la población total de cerdos en etapa de destete (21 ± 5 días de edad). Las vitaminas A y E se determinaron por HPLC. El hierro sérico y la capacidad total de fijación de hierro se determinaron por espectrofotometría. Las concentraciones de vitamina E mostraron variación entre granjas, los cerdos de las granjas 1 (3,4 µg/mL) y 2 (3,2 µg/mL) mostraron valores más altos de vitamina E (
Ácidos hidroxicinámicos en producción animal: farmacocinética, farmacodinamia y sus efectos como promotor de crecimiento. Revisión
Use of natural source additives in animal production is increasingly important because they potentially promote growth in ways similar to synthetic compounds, such as anabolic hormones and antibiotics, but without risks to animal or consumer health or degrading meat quality. Encompassing a wide variety of compounds extracted from different plant parts, natural origin additives can be administered as essential oils, mixtures of compounds or isolated compounds to function as medicinal remedies or dietary supplements. Phenolic compounds are widely used and include hydroxycinnamic acids, present in a variety of vegetables, fruits and grains. These acids exhibit interesting bioactivities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, prevention of cardiovascular diseases and immunomodulation. Use of hydroxycinnamic acids in animal production is currently limited but may hold promise in promoting growth. Before this can occur further research is needed on their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, posology, exposition period and effects, as well as their possible metabolic routes and biotransformation in animal organisms. This review covers inclusion of hydroxycinnamic acids in livestock diets, their pharmacokinetic properties and pharmacodynamics, and findings on their effects in promoting growth and improving meat quality.El uso de aditivos de origen natural en producción animal ha tomado gran importancia en el sector pecuario, debido a su potencial de promover el crecimiento de una forma similar a los compuestos sintéticos como hormonas y antibióticos, pero sin causar posibles daños a la salud del animal, del consumidor o detrimento en la calidad de la carne. En los aditivos de origen natural existe una amplia variedad de compuestos, que son extraídos de distintas partes de las plantas, donde se toman ciertos aceites esenciales, mezclas de compuestos o compuestos aislados para utilizarse como remedios medicinales o suplementos alimenticios. Dentro de estos extractos, se encuentran los ácidos hidroxicinámicos, presentes en una gran variedad de vegetales, frutas y granos; los cuales presentan interesantes propiedades bioactivas como son, antioxidantes, antimicrobianos, preventivos de enfermedades cardiovasculares e inmunomoduladores. El uso de este tipo de aditivos en producción animal aún es limitado, pero se sugiere que su inclusión puede ser favorable como una estrategia para promover el crecimiento; sin embargo, dos aspectos importantes a estudiarse en los ácidos hidroxicinámicos es su farmacocinética y farmacodinamia, y a partir de allí establecer las condiciones de dosis, períodos de uso y efectos, además las posibles rutas y biotransformaciones que pueden ocurrir en el organismo animal. Esta revisión discute sobre la inclusión de ácidos hidroxicinámicos en dietas de animales de engorda, propiedades farmacocinéticas y farmacodinamias, y los hallazgos como promotores de crecimiento y sus efectos en la calidad de la carne
Vitamin E in immunity and reproductive performance in pigs
This review is focused on studies of vitamin E in immunity and reproductive performance in pigs. There are reports that vitamin E can have a positive effect on some parameters of the immune system in pigs. The optimal level of vitamin E needed to improve the immune system has not been determined because of several factors such as the composition of the diet, feed consumption, the rate of animal growth and living conditions or stress. Moreover, the way of action of vitamin E in enhancing immunity is still unclear but according to reports it may have antioxidant properties as well as an immunomodulator effect. In several studies, an increase in litter size and a reduction of preweaning pigletmortality have resulted from increasing dietary vitamin E intake during gestation or by intramuscular injection of vitamin E and/or selenium. However, according to reports, the positive effect of vitamin E on reproductive performance remains unclear due to the low number of animals used in most experiments
Contenido de ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA) en leche de ganado lechero Holstein estabulado en el noroeste de México
Experimental animal studies suggest that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has beneficial health properties. Ruminant-derived products such as meat and milk are the principal natural sources of CLA. Milk CLA content is influenced by several factors, including diet and production system. An evaluation was done of CLA content in milk from confined Holstein cows at a farm in Hermosillo municipality, Sonora State, Mexico, during the summer months, when daytime temperatures surpass 40 °C. Milk samples were collected from 120 cows. Quality parameters such as fat, lactose, protein and total solids percentages were measured using AOAC methods. The fatty acid and CLA profile was generated by gas chromatography. Average milk production was 15.8 ± 0.5 kg/day, fat content was 1.91 ± 0.06 %, lactose content was 4.30 ± 0.2 %, protein content was 3.34 ± 0.03 and total solids content was 10.4 ± 0.09 %. Unsaturated fatty acids content was higher (PEstudios en animales experimentales señalan que el ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA por sus siglas en inglés), posee propiedades benéficas para la salud. Los productos derivados de rumiantes como carne y leche son la mayor fuente natural de CLA, y su contenido en leche puede ser influenciado por varios factores como la alimentación y el sistema de producción. Este trabajo evalúo el contenido de CLA en leche de vacas Holstein estabuladas en el municipio de Hermosillo, Sonora durante el verano, donde se registran temperaturas superiores a los 40 °C. Se obtuvieron muestras de leche de 120 vacas. El perfil de ácidos grasos y CLA en leche fueron determinados por cromatografía de gases. La producción promedio de leche fue 15.8 ± 0.5 kg/día, con 1.91 ± 0.06 % de grasa, 4.30 ± 0.2 % de lactosa, 3.34 ± 0.03 % de proteína, y de 10.4 ± 0.09 % de sólidos totales. El contenido de ácidos grasos insaturados fue mayor (
Dietary inclusion effects of phytochemicals as growth promoters in animal production
Abstract Growth promoters have been widely used as a strategy to improve productivity, and great benefits have been observed throughout the meat production chain. However, the prohibition of growth promoters in several countries, as well as consumer rejection, has led industry and the academy to search for alternatives. For decades, the inclusion of phytochemicals in animal feed has been proposed as a replacement for traditional growth promoters. However, there are many concerns about the application of phytochemicals and their impact on the various links in the meat production chain (productive performance, carcass and meat quality). Therefore, the effects of these feed additives are reviewed in this article, along with their potential safety and consumer benefits, to understand the current state of their use. In summary, the replacement of traditional growth promoters in experiments with broilers yielded benefits in all aspects of the meat production chain, such as improvements in productive performance and carcass and meat quality. Although the effects in pigs have been similar to those observed in broilers, fewer studies have been carried out in pigs, and there is a need to define the types of phytochemicals to be used and the appropriate stages for adding such compounds. In regard to ruminant diets, few studies have been conducted, and their results have been inconclusive. Therefore, it is necessary to propose more in vivo studies to determine other strategies for phytochemical inclusion in the production phases and to select the appropriate types of compounds. It is also necessary to define the variables that will best elucidate the mechanism(s) of action that will enable the future replacement of synthetic growth promoters with phytochemical feed additives
Dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has comparable effects to ractopamine on the growth performance, meat quality and fatty acid profiles of loin muscles of finishing pigs under commercial husbandry
The effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on pig loin muscle growth performance, meat quality and fatty acid profiles were compared with the effects of ractopamine supplementation. Two hundred seventy commercial Landrace-Yorkshire pigs (135 barrows and 135 gilts/BW = 75 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three treatments. Ninety animals per treatment were allocated into groups of 30 animals (15 barrows and 15 gilts) with three replications. The treatments were as follows: RAC (diet given on the farm and included ractopamine and mixed vegetable oils); CLA 0.5% (basal diet + CLA 0.5%); and CLA 1% (basal diet + 1% CLA). Final weight and daily gain were affected by treatment × sex in gilts supplemented with CLA 0.5% but not in barrows. Feed intake was reduced in animals supplemented with CLA at 0.5%. Supplementation with CLA did not affect the meat quality parameters (p > .05). CLA 1% delayed the lipid oxidation of the pork meat. CLA 1% decreased the contents of 18:1, 18:2, 20:5 n3, and 22:6 n3 in intramuscular fat compared to those in unsupplemented animals (p < .05). In conclusion, CLA 0.5% in the diet showed a better effect than the use of ractopamine on growth performance in gilts but not in barrows. CLA 0.5% evoked a similar response as ractopamine in the PUFA content of intramuscular fat and meat quality. Thus, CLA could replace this commonly used additive, which has been restricted in several countries, in the pork industry.Highlights Dietary CLA 0.5% produced an improvement in growth performance in gilts. Dietary CLA 1% delayed the lipid oxidation of pork meat. CLA is an alternative supplement to ractopamine due to their similar effects on meat quality parameters