Microbial protein synthesis and nitrogen balance in crossbred heifers fed with two tannins sources

Tannins have been used to trigger positive effects on ruminal metabolism. So, increasing levels of tannic acid in a sorghum-based diet for five Holstein/Zebu crossbred lactating heifers were subject to a 5 × 5 Latin square experimental design, five heifers x five tannins acid levels x five periods. The excretion of total purine derivatives, through the collection of spot urine samples, and the N concentration values in the milk and urine were used. All heifers received 9.87 kg/DM of corn silage as roughage and 6.38 kg of concentrate (not fed ad libitum). Diet 1 (control) contained low-tannin sorghum (0.027kg total tannin), and the other diets contained high-tannin sorghum. The levels of tannic acid added used were established based on the quantity of condensed tannin in high-tannin sorghum. Thus, diets 2, 3, 4, and 5 were supplemented with 1.5g (13.%DM), 79.5g (2.6%DM), 157.5g (3.9%DM), and 235.5g (5.2%DM) of tannic acid totalling 0.078, 0.156, 0.234, and 0.321 total tannin kg/day respectively. The urinary excretions of urea (2.0055), total allantoin (185.12  mmol/day-1) , and total purine derivatives (222.32 mmol/day-1); absorbed purines 179.3 mmol/day-1); the N microbian synthesis (130.358 (g)N/day-1); and the concentrations of allantoin in milk (36.40 mmol/day-1) were not affected by the diets. Diets using two tannins sources supplementation did not affect the animal’s health, that is, it did not change the blood and metabolic rates above the normality indices for the animal category, neither improved the efficiency of the microbial synthesis nor the balance of N for milk productionLow to moderate concentrations of condensed tannins in ruminant diets are considered to increase the post-ruminal flow of non-ammonia nitrogen. The objective of this research was study the microbial protein synthesis and nitrogen balance of lactating cows fed with a diet of two tannin sources, based on sorghum (condensed tannin) with increasing levels of tannic acid (hydrolysable tannin). So, increasing levels of tannic acid in a sorghum-based diet for five Holstein/Zebu crossbred lactating heifers were subject to a 5 × 5 Latin square experimental design, five heifers x five tannins acid levels x five periods. The excretion of total purine derivatives, through the collection of spot urine samples, and the N concentration values in the milk and urine were used. All heifers received 9.87 kg/DM of corn silage as roughage and 6.38 kg of concentrate (not fed ad libitum). Diet 1 (control) contained low-tannin sorghum (0.027 kg total tannin), and the other diets contained high-tannin sorghum. The levels of tannic acid added used were established based on the quantity of condensed tannin in high-tannin sorghum. Thus, diets 2, 3, 4, and 5 were supplemented with 1.5g (13% DM), 79.5g (2.6% DM), 157.5 g (3.9% DM), and 235.5 g (5.2% DM) of tannic acid totalling 0.078, 0.156, 0.234, and 0.321 total tannin kg/day respectively. The urinary excretions of urea (2.0055), total allantoin (185.12 mmol/day-1), and total purine derivatives (222.32 mmol/day-1); absorbed purines 179.3 mmol/day-1); the N microbian synthesis (130.358 (g)N/day-1); and the concentrations of allantoin in milk (36.40 mmol/day-1) were not affected by the diets. Diets using two tannins (hydrolysable and condensed) sources supplementation didn’t affect the animals’ health, neither improved the microbial synthesis efficiency nor the N balance for milk production

Tabagismo na Adolescência: Estratégias de Intervenção e Medidas Preventivas Utilizadas na Atenção Primária

This study aimed to describe the intervention strategies and preventive measures used in Primary Care to help adolescents stop smoking. To this end, an integrative review study was carried out, analyzing 15 articles published between 2019 and 2024, which discussed the tools employed in this context. Through this research, the findings revealed the prime tools placed to prevent and stop smoking among adolescents, as well as their effectiveness. Based on the above, it was detected that patient-centered approaches, behavioral interventions, counseling, motivational feedback, and didactic materials were effective in reducing and preventing smoking in this age group. On the other hand, motivational interviewing and behavioral interventions aimed at smoking cessation did not present significant results. Furthermore, it is worth pointing out that further research and notifications are needed to develop a more efficient system for this issue.  O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever as estratégias de intervenção e medidas preventivas empregadas na Atenção Primária para ajudar adolescentes a cessação do hábito de fumar. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo de revisão integrativa, com a análise de 15 artigos, publicados entre 2019 e 2024, os quais discutiam as ferramentas empregadas nesse contexto. Através dessa pesquisa, os achados revelaram os principais instrumentos empregados para prevenir e interromper o hábito tabagista entre os adolescentes, assim como sua eficácia. Com base no exposto, verificou-se que abordagens centradas no paciente, intervenções comportamentais, aconselhamento, feedback motivacional e materiais educativos foram eficazes na redução e prevenção do tabagismo nessa faixa etária. Por outro lado, técnicas como a entrevista motivacional e intervenções comportamentais voltadas para a cessação do tabagismo não apresentaram resultados significativos. Ademais, é válido ressaltar que maiores pesquisas e notificações se fazem necessárias para a moldagem de um sistema mais eficiente em relação à essa questão.&nbsp

Intraspecific variability of camu-camu fruit in native populations of northern Amazonia.

Similarly to most breeding programs of native species, camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia (Kunt) McVaugh) improvement is also restricted, due to the scarcity of research results. In this situation, the prospection, collection and conservation of germplasm in genebanks ensure successful selection and breeding studies of the species. In this sense, the purpose of this study was the intraspecific characterization of the biometric variability in fruits of native camu-camu populations of the State of Roraima, in the northern Amazon region. Of 16 populations, 247 sub-samples were evaluated. Analyses were performed with the multivariate technique of principal components and hierarchical clustering, to determine the variables with highest intraspecific variability for the studied traits. The populations found in the lower Rio Branco region performed best for the studied traits, indicating the great potential of the region as a reservoir of promising subsamples for future breeding programs of the species in the northern Amazon