19,616 research outputs found
Topological insulating phases from two-dimensional nodal loop semimetals
Starting from a minimal model for a 2D nodal loop semimetal, we study the
effect of chiral mass gap terms. The resulting Dirac loop anomalous Hall
insulator's Chern number is the phase winding number of the mass gap terms on
the loop. We provide simple lattice models, analyze the topological phases and
generalize a previous index characterizing topological transitions. The
responses of the Dirac loop anomalous Hall and quantum spin Hall insulators to
a magnetic field's vector potential are also studied both in weak and strong
field regimes, as well as the edge states in a ribbon geometry.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure
Cross-diffusion systems for image processing: II. The nonlinear case
In this paper the use of nonlinear cross-diffu\-sion systems to model image
restoration is investigated, theoretically and numerically. In the first case,
well-posedness, scale-space properties and long time behaviour are analyzed.
From a numerical point of view, a computational study of the performance of the
models is carried out, suggesting their diversity and potentialities to treat
image filtering problems. The present paper is a continuation of a previous
work of the same authors, devoted to linear cross-diffusion models.
\keywords{Cross-diffusion \and Complex diffusion \and Image restoration
Impact of Inter-Country Distances on International Tourism
Tourism is a worldwide practice with international tourism revenues
increasing from US\$495 billion in 2000 to US\$1340 billion in 2017. Its
relevance to the economy of many countries is obvious. Even though the World
Airline Network (WAN) is global and has a peculiar construction, the
International Tourism Network (ITN) is very similar to a random network and
barely global in its reach. To understand the impact of global distances on
local flows, we map the flow of tourists around the world onto a complex
network and study its topological and dynamical balance. We find that although
the WAN serves as infrastructural support for the ITN, the flow of tourism does
not correlate strongly with the extent of flight connections worldwide.
Instead, unidirectional flows appear locally forming communities that shed
light on global travelling behaviour inasmuch as there is only a 15%
probability of finding bidirectional tourism between a pair of countries. We
conjecture that this is a consequence of one-way cyclic tourism by analyzing
the triangles that are formed by the network of flows in the ITN. Finally, we
find that most tourists travel to neighbouring countries and mainly cover
larger distances when there is a direct flight, irrespective of the time it
takes
A theorem regarding families of topologically non-trivial fermionic systems
We introduce a Hamiltonian for fermions on a lattice and prove a theorem
regarding its topological properties. We identify the topological criterion as
a topological invariant (the Pfaffian
polynomial). The topological invariant is not only the first Chern number, but
also the sign of the Pfaffian polynomial coming from a notion of duality. Such
Hamiltonian can describe non-trivial Chern insulators, single band
superconductors or multiorbital superconductors. The topological features of
these families are completely determined as a consequence of our theorem. Some
specific model examples are explicitly worked out, with the computation of
different possible topological invariants.Comment: 6 page
Effect of particle polydispersity on the irreversible adsorption of fine particles on patterned substrates
We performed extensive Monte Carlo simulations of the irreversible adsorption
of polydispersed disks inside the cells of a patterned substrate. The model
captures relevant features of the irreversible adsorption of spherical
colloidal particles on patterned substrates. The pattern consists of (equal)
square cells, where adsorption can take place, centered at the vertices of a
square lattice. Two independent, dimensionless parameters are required to
control the geometry of the pattern, namely, the cell size and cell-cell
distance, measured in terms of the average particle diameter. However, to
describe the phase diagram, two additional dimensionless parameters, the
minimum and maximum particle radii are also required. We find that the
transition between any two adjacent regions of the phase diagram solely depends
on the largest and smallest particle sizes, but not on the shape of the
distribution function of the radii. We consider size dispersions up-to 20% of
the average radius using a physically motivated truncated Gaussian-size
distribution, and focus on the regime where adsorbing particles do not interact
with those previously adsorbed on neighboring cells to characterize the jammed
state structure. The study generalizes previous exact relations on monodisperse
particles to account for size dispersion. Due to the presence of the pattern,
the coverage shows a non-monotonic dependence on the cell size. The pattern
also affects the radius of adsorbed particles, where one observes preferential
adsorption of smaller radii particularly at high polydispersity.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure
- …