Identification of crack noises in household refrigerators

The crack noises propagating from a refrigerator disturb residents in a household; however, the reasons behind the mechanisms of such noises have not been identified yet. In this study, the crack noises in modern household refrigerators are identified and their root causes are explored. The appropriate parameters for overall and Fourier analyses are first determined and the noise characteristics of typical household refrigerators under various conditions are presented. Then, a special test rig providing remote control of the subcomponents including the compressor, fan and heater is designed and structural acceleration and sound pressure measurements inside and outside the test rig in a quiet room are performed. The acoustic and vibration measurements are conducted under various conditions by separately controlling each subcomponent. The crack noises in typical household refrigerators are identified and their root causes are explored by using the results of the overall and Fourier analyses. Some solutions to minimize the crack noises in household refrigerators are also summarized.WOS:000346546300025Scopus - Affiliation ID: 60105072Science Citation Index ExpandedQ2ArticleUluslararası işbirliği ile yapılmayan - HAYIRMart2015YÖK - 2014-1

Biofortification and Localization of Zinc in Wheat Grain

Zinc (Zn) deficiency associated with low dietary intake is a well-documented public health problem, resulting in serious health and socioeconomic problems. Field experiments were conducted with wheat to test the role of both soil and foliar application of ZnSO4 in Zn concentration of whole grain and grain fractions (e.g., bran, embryo and endosperm) in 3 locations. Foliar application of ZnSO4 was realized at different growth stages (e.g., stem elongation, boot, milk, dough stages) to study the effect of timing of foliar Zn application on grain Zn concentration. The rate of foliar Zn application at each growth stage was 4 kg of ZnSO4 3 7H2O ha-1. Laser ablation (LA)-ICP-MS was used to follow the localization of Zn within grain. Soil Zn application at a rate of 50 kg of ZnSO4 3 7H2O ha-1 was effective in increasing grain Zn concentration in the Zn-deficient location, but not in the locations without soil Zn deficiency. In all locations, foliar application of Zn significantly increased Zn concentration in whole grain and in each grain fraction, particularly in the case of high soil N fertilization. In Zn-deficient location, grain Zn concentration increased from 11 mg kg-1 to 22 mg kg-1 with foliar Zn application and to 27 mg kg-1 with a combined application of ZnSO4 to soil and foliar. In locations without soil Zn deficiency, combination of high N application with two times foliar Zn application (e.g., at the booting and milk stages) increased grain Zn concentration, on average, from 28 mg kg-1 to 58 mg kg-1. Both ICP-OES and LA-ICP-MS data showed that the increase in Zn concentration of whole grain and grain fractions was pronounced when Zn was sprayed at the late growth stage (e.g., milk and dough). LA-ICP-MS data also indicated that Zn was transported into endosperm through the crease phloem. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that the timing of foliar Zn application is of great importance in increasing grain Zn in wheat, especially in the endosperm part that is the predominant grain fraction consumed in many countries. Providing a large pool of Zn in vegetative tissues during the grain filling (e.g., via foliar Zn spray) is an important practice to increase grain Zn and contribute to human nutritio

Few-qubit quantum refrigerator for cooling a multi-qubit system

We propose to use a few-qubit system as a compact quantum refrigerator for cooling an interacting multi-qubit system. We specifically consider a central qubit coupled to $N$ ancilla qubits in a so-called spin-star model as our quantum refrigerator. We first show that if the interaction between the qubits is of the longitudinal and ferromagnetic Ising model form, the central qubit is colder than the environment. The colder central qubit is then proposed to be used as the refrigerant interface of the quantum refrigerator to cool down general quantum many-qubit systems. We discuss a simple refrigeration cycle, considering the operation cost and cooling efficiency, which can be controlled by $N$ and the qubit-qubit interaction strength. Besides, bounds on the achievable temperature are established. Such few-qubit compact quantum refrigerators can be significant to reduce dimensions of quantum technology applications, can be easy to integrate into all-qubit systems, and can increase the speed and power of quantum computing and thermal devices

İlköğretim 5. sınıf öğrencilerinin okul saatleri dışında kalan zamanlarını değerlendirme şekilleri ve bu şekilleri etkileyen faktörler (Kocaeli ili örneği)

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Bu araştırma İlköğretim 5. Sınıf öğrencilerinin okul saatleri dışında kalan zamanlarını değerlendirme şekillerini ve bu şekillerde etkili faktörleri tespit etmek amacıyla yapılmıştır.Bu çalışmada, araştırma yöntemi olarak, çeşitleme yöntemi (triangulation technique) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, nicel veri toplama yöntemi olarak, genel tarama modelinden kesitsel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, nitel veri toplama yöntemi olarak ?standartlaştırılmış açık uçlu görüşme? yöntemi kullanılmıştır.Araştırmanın evreni, Kocaeli ili merkez ve ilçelerinde bulunan toplam 344 ilköğretim okulu ve bu okulların 5. sınıflarında öğrenim gören toplam 26.622 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, okulun bulunduğu bölgenin ekonomik düzeyi temel alınarak, tabakalı örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilmiş düşük, orta ve yüksek olanaklara sahip 42 okul ve bu okullardan da oranlı örnekleme yolu ile seçilmiş 1512 öğrenci oluşturmuştur.Veri toplama aracı olarak, Tutkun, Arısoy (araştırmacı) ve Okay tarafından geliştirilen ?Öğrencilerin Okul Dışı Zamanlarını Değerlendirme Şekilleri ve Bunları Etkileyen Faktörler Anketi? kullanılmıştır.Araştırmada elde edilen veriler bir İstatistik paket programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Verileri değerlendirilirken tanımlayıcı istatistiksel metotları (Sayı, Yüzde, Ortalama, Standart sapma) kullanılmıştır. Nicelik verilerin karşılaştırılmasında iki grup arasındaki farkı t-testi, ikiden fazla grup durumunda parametrelerin gruplar arası karşılaştırmalarında Tek yönlü (One way) Anova testi ve farklılığa neden olan grubun tespitinde Scheffe, Tukey testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bağımlı ve bağımsız değişkenleri arasındaki ilişkiyi Pearson korelasyon ile test edilmiştir. Nitel veriler ise ?betimsel analiz yöntemi? ile analiz edilmiştir.Çalışma sonucunda aşağıdaki sonuçlar elde edilmiştir:1.İlköğretim 5. sınıf öğrencilerinin okul saatleri dışında kalan zamanlarını herhangi bir etkinlikle değerlendirme sıklıkları ortalama düzeydedir. Öğrenciler tarafından en çok tercih edilen etkinlik ödev yapma etkinliğidir. Bu sonuçta; cinsiyet değişkeni hariç kardeş sayısı, ailenin yaşadığı yerleşim yeri, ailenin ekonomik durumu, annenin eğitim durumu, babanın eğitim durumu, annenin meslek durumu ve babanın meslek durumu değişkenlerinin etkisi bulunmuştur.2.Öğrencilerin katıldıkları etkinlikler, en çok kendi başlarına, yönlendirme olmadan yapılan etkinliklerdir. Etkinliklere en az yönlendirmenin ise okul tarafından olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.3.Öğrencilerin okul saatleri dışında okulun imkânlarından faydalanma sıklıkları ortalama düzeyde bulunmuştur. Öğrenciler çoğunlukla bahçe, sahalar ve kantinden faydalanmaktadır. Bu imkânlardan faydalanma sıklıkları ile cinsiyet, kardeş sayısı, ailenin yaşadığı yerleşim yeri, ailenin ekonomik durumu, annenin eğitim durumu, babanın eğitim durumu, annenin meslek durumu ve babanın meslek durumu değişkenleri arasındaki ilişki anlamlı bulunmuştur.4.Öğrencilerin okul saatleri dışında kalan zamanlarını herhangi bir etkinlikle değerlendirememe nedenleri çoğunlukla yeterli vakit bulamayışları ve derslerdeki başarılarını düşürdüğü olarak tespit edilmiştir.5.Öğrencilerin; etkinlik seçimleri, okuldan faydalanma sıklıkları ve herhangi bir etkinlikle değerlendirememe nedenleri yüksek ve orta düzey okullara göre anlamlı bir değişim göstermezken düşük düzey okullarda anlamlı değişiklik görülmektedir.6.Öğrencilerin beklentileri çoğunlukla okullarda gezi faaliyetleri düzenlenmesi, mahallelerde parkların çoğaltılması yönündedir. Öğrenciler aileleriyle en çok sinemaya gitmeyi istemektedirAnahtar Kelimeler: Okul Dışı Zaman, Serbest Zaman, Boş Zaman, Okul, İlköğretim, Öğrenci.The aim of this study is to determine how fifth grade students spend their out-of-school time and the factors which affect it.At this study, triangulation technique is used as a research method. Cross-sectional survey model from general survey model is used as a quantitative data collection method and standardized open-ended interview method is used as a qualitative data collection method at this research.Population of research consists of 26.622 fifth grade students of 344 primary schools in Kocaeli city center and its districts. Research sample consist of 42 school and 1512 students of these schools. 42 schools, which have low, medium and high level of resources, are determined by using stratified sampling method according to the economic level of schools? regions. 1512 students are selected by using proportional sampling method.?How Fifth Grade Students in Primary School Spend Their Out-of-School Time and Factors Which Affect It Questionnaire?, which is designed by Tutkun, Arısoy and Okay, is used as a data collection tool.Data, which are gathered through questionnaire, is analyzed through a statistical package program. While evaluating data, descriptive statistics methods (number, percentage, mean, standard deviation) are used. While comparing quantitative data, different methods are used. Difference between two groups is analyzed by t-test. Parameters are compared between groups by using one way Anova test when there are more than two groups. The group which causes difference is assigned by Scheffe, Tukey test. The relation between dependent and independent variables of research are tested by Pearson Correlation. Qualitative data are analyzed by descriptive analysis method.As a result of the research, following findings are acquired.1.Within fifth grade students in primary school, spending their out-of-school time by doing an activity is medium-level. Most preferred activities of students are doing homework. While selecting these activities, except gender variable, variables like numbers of siblings, residential area of family, economic condition of family, educational status of mother, educational status of father, profession of mother and profession of father have an impact.2.Students are self-help and non-oriented activities. It is found out that the least orientation is made by school.3.Out-of-school time, utilizing school facilities of students is medium-level. Students are generally utilizing garden, grounds and canteen. Relation between utilizing these facilities and gender, numbers of siblings, residential area of family, economic condition of family, educational status of mother, educational status of father, profession of mother and profession of father is found significant.4.Main causes of students, who do not spend their out-of-school time by doing an activity, are not having enough time and decreasing success at lessons.5.Causes of students in activity selection, utilizing school facilities and not spending out-of-school time do not show significant difference at high and middle level schools but there is a significant difference at low level schools.6.Expectations of students are mainly organization of tours at schools and increasing the number of playpen at neighborhood. Students mostly want to go to cinema with their families.Key Words: Out-of-School Time, Leisure Time, Spare Time, School Type, Primary School, Student

Determining the relationship between gender perception and violence against women: a sectional study

Çalışmanın amacı; Burdur İlinde yaşamakta olan 18 -65 yaş aralığındaki bireylerin toplumsal cinsiyet algıları ve kadına yönelik şiddet tutum düzeylerinin bazı sosyo-demografik değişkenlere (Cinsiyet, yaş, medeni hal, eğitim düzeyi, yaşadığı yerleşim yeri, ekonomik durum, çalışma durumu, aile tipi) göre değişip değişmediğinin araştırılması, bu iki değişken arasındaki ilişkinin karmaşıklığını ve önemini ortaya koymaktır. Bu konudan hareketle, çalışmanın yürütülmesinde nicel yaklaşım ve kesitsel desen tercih edilmiştir. Araştırma modelinin ise ilişkisel tarama modeli olmasına karar verilmiştir. Anket formunda araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan katılımcılara ait bazı sosyo-demokrafik değişkenler, İSKEBE Tutum Ölçeği ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Algısı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, SPSS-25 istatistik programında analiz edilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda; toplumsal cinsiyet algısının kadına yönelik şiddet tutumu üzerindeki etkisine yönelik kurulan modelin anlamlı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Özellikle; gençlerin hem beden algısı hem de şiddet açısından daha bilgili ve net olması yeni ve gençlere yönelik söylemler açısından çok önemli katkı yapacak bir sonuçtur. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen verilerin, toplumsal cinsiyet algısını olumlu yönde etkileyen politika ve müdahalelere, kadına yönelik şiddeti önlemeye yönelik stratejilerin geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunabileceği düşünülmektedir.Purpose of the study; Whether the gender perceptions and attitudes towards violence against women of individuals between the ages of 18 and 65 living in Burdur Province vary according to some socio-demographic variables (gender, age, marital status, education level, place of residence, economic status, working status, family type). Investigating whether it does not change reveals the complexity and importance of the relationship between these two variables. Based on this issue, quantitative approach and cross-sectional design were preferred in conducting the study. It was decided that the research model would be the relational screening model. Some socio-demographic variables of the participants, ISKEBE Attitude Scale and Gender Perception Scale prepared by the researcher were used in the survey form. The data obtained was analyzed in the SPSS-25 statistical program. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the model established for the effect of gender perception on attitudes towards violence against women was significant. In particular, the fact that young people are more knowledgeable and clear about both body image and violence is a result that will make a very important contribution to new discourses targeting young people. It is thought that the data obtained as a result of the study can contribute to policies and interventions that positively affect gender perception and to the development of strategies to prevent violenc

Thermalization of finite many-body systems by a collision model

We construct a collision model description of the thermalization of a finite many-body system by using careful derivation of the corresponding Lindblad-type master equation in the weak coupling regime. Using the example of two level target system, we show that collision model thermalization is crucially dependent on the various relevant system and bath timescales and on ensuring that the environment is composed of ancillae which are resonant with the system transition frequencies. Using this we extend our analysis to show that our collision model can lead to thermalisation for certain classes of many-body systems. We establish that for classically correlated systems our approach is effective, while we also highlight its shortcomings, in particular with regards to reaching entangled thermal states

Sub-national Units in Transition: IR Theory and Emerging Actors in a Multi-level Environment

AbstractWhile European integration has gained momentum following the Treaty of Maastricht, a discourse on “Europe of the regions” has come to the fore, with the presumption that the sub-national units become, or are supposed to become, active dynamics of the integration process. However, this dominant discourse seems to take the “actorness” of sub-national units for granted, without questioning their rather passive position in the face of both national and supranational actors. In turn, this passive position gives rise to a reaction – albeit in some cases reluctantly – from the part of sub-national units. As a matter of fact, the research on which the present paper is based suggests that while their involvement in interaction at both national and supra-national levels varies from country to country, and even from one region to another within any given member state, these units tend to “individualise” for certain reasons. Among others, the main factors of individualisation are ever-growing competition and devolution of not only competences, but also public finance burdens which forces the sub-national units to act increasingly in individual terms. The paper aims to share some observations on the transformation of these units, focusing on the case of Italy.&nbsp