From the fringes to the State: the transformation of the Falange into a State Party

The early years of the Francoist regime saw the rise to power of the Falange Española. A fascist and minority party in the times of the Second Republic, the Falange grew rapidly and exponentially after the outbreak of the war, soon seeing itself at the helm of the single party established in April 1937. The Falange was transformed into a conduit between state and society, and the only channel for the participation of the people in the construction and development of the New State until 1945. This transformation, which owed as much to the civil war and Spanish peculiarities, as to the interactions between Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, entailed its necessary bureaucratisation but it did not imply its complete de-politicisation. Therefore, this essay contends, the party’s importance to the construction of the regime cannot be dismissed simply as a failed attempt to instate a fascist dictatorship in Spain. Moreover, if, as Glenda Sluga has argued, the Spanish Civil War was one of ‘the most obvious examples of transnational links in the history of interwar fascism and anti-fascism’, it seems necessary to explore the Spanish case within a broader European context, if we want to properly understand the post-liberal departure of the 1930–1940s

La ricerca di una politica coloniale dopo Adua. Speranze e delusioni fra politica ed economia

Malgré les faibles bénéfices tirés de l'exploitation coloniale de l'Erythrée et du Benadir, se développe après Adoua un débat au sein de l'opinion publique d'où surgit une nouvelle politique coloniale. On assiste progressivement à un élargissement des préoccupations d'ordre colonial pour aboutir finalement à une conception de l'expansion coloniale intégrée à l'industrialisation dans une politique globale.Aquarone Alberto. La ricerca di una politica coloniale dopo Adua. Speranze e delusioni fra politica ed economia. In: Opinion publique et politique extérieure en Europe. I. 1870-1915. Actes du Colloque de Rome (13-16 février 1980) Rome : École Française de Rome, 1981. pp. 295-327. (Publications de l'École française de Rome, 54-1