Genetic diversity among North African faba bean landraces for competitive ability against weeds

Die genetische Diversität marokkanischer Ackerbohnen (Vicia faba L.) sollte zur Verbesserung der Konkurrenzkraft von Ackerbohnen gegen Unkraut genutzt werden. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war die detaillierte Evaluierung der Konkurrenzkraft und Produktivität einer Sammlung marokkanischer Ackerbohnen-Landrassen gegenüber dem Modell­unkraut Sinapis alba. Sechzig marokkanische Ackerbohnen-Landrassen und zwei Standards wurden 2011 und 2013 auf Kornertrag und weitere agronomische Merkmale untersucht, mit und ohne Modellunkraut, in einer Spaltanlage unter Feldbedingungen an zwei Orten im Nordwesten Marokkos. Die Landrassen zeigten signifikante genetische Variation für Produktivität und Konkurrenzkraft. Mehrere Landrassen erreichten höhere Werte als die Standards. Der Ertragsverlust durch den Unkrautstress betrug im Mittel 69%, der Unkraut-Konkurrenz-Index betrug im Mittel rund 1,28. Die Landrassen × Unkraut-Interaktion für Ertrag war eine hoch signifikante und bedeutende Variationsursache. Einige Landrassen kombinierten eine hohe Konkurrenzkraft gegen das Modell­unkraut mit überlegener Produktivität.The genetic diversity of Moroccan faba bean (Vicia faba L.) landraces should be exploited to improve the competitive ability of faba beans against weeds. The objective of this study was to in-detail evaluate competitive ability and productivity of a collection of Moroccan faba bean landraces relative to a model weed, Sinapis alba. Sixty Moroccan faba bean landraces and two checks were evaluated in 2011 and 2013 for grain yield and further agronomic traits, with and without model weed stress, under field conditions at two locations in the northwest of Morocco, using a split-plot design. The landraces showed significant genetic variation for producti­vity and competitive ability. Several landraces exhibited higher values compared to the two checks. Yield loss attributable to weed stress was, on average, about 69%; the weed competitive index was, on average, about 1.28. Land­races × weed treatment interaction for yield was a highly significant and marked source of variation. Several landraces were found to combine high levels of both, competitive ability against the model weed and productivity

Analyse de la tolérance des populations locales de fève (Vicia faba L.) à la sécheresse au stade juvénile

Drought is the most important abiotic stress responsible of the production instability and lower levels of yields of faba bean (Vicia faba L.). The cropping of tolerant varieties can be an opportunity to stabilize production. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the genetic variability and to study the drought tolerance in the juvenile plant stage in a collection of local Moroccan faba bean populations from the province of Taounate. A number of 60 local populations were studied under controlled conditions in a greenhouse. Different morphological and physiological traits were studied before and under water stress and during the recovery phase. The difference between recovery and water stress phases estimates the capacity of local populations to recover from drought. The local populations contain a wide diversity for different studied traits. The gain in dry matter has a negative and highly significant correlation with dry matter yield under water stress (r = -0.64 **). The populations 16, 47, 1 and 9 have proven to be the most drought tolerant at juvenile stage