THE "WHERE?" IN PARTICIPATORY LOCAL LAND USE PLANNING - A WEB MAPPING APPROACH IN SOUTH-WEST CAMEROON

International audienc

A Concomitant Muscle Injury Does Not Worsen Traumatic Brain Injury Outcomes in Mice

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often involves multitrauma in which concurrent extracranial injury occurs. We previously demonstrated that a long bone fracture exacerbates neuroinflammation and functional outcomes in mice given a TBI. Whether other forms of concomitant peripheral trauma that are common in the TBI setting, such as skeletal muscle injury, have similar effects is unknown. As such, here we developed a novel mouse multitrauma model by combining a closed-skull TBI with a cardiotoxin (CTX)-induced muscle injury to investigate whether muscle injury affects TBI outcomes. Adult male mice were assigned to four groups: sham-TBI + sham-muscle injury (SHAM); sham-TBI + CTX-muscle injury (CTX); TBI + sham-muscle injury (TBI); TBI + CTX-muscle injury (MULTI). Some mice were euthanized at 24 h post-injury to assess neuroinflammation and cerebral edema. The remaining mice underwent behavioral testing after a 30-day recovery period, and were euthanized at 35 days post-injury for post-mortem analysis. At 24 h post-injury, both TBI and MULTI mice had elevated edema, increased expression of GFAP (i.e., a marker for reactive astrocytes), and increased mRNA levels of inflammatory chemokines. There was also an effect of injury on cytokine levels at 35 days post-injury. However, the TBI and MULTI mice did not significantly differ on any of the measures assessed. These initial findings suggest that a concomitant muscle injury does not significantly affect preclinical TBI outcomes. Future studies should investigate the combination of different injury models, additional outcomes, and other post-injury time points

The rock tombs of Meir, Part 5, The tomb-chapels A, No. 1 (That of Ni-ʻAnkh-Pepi the Black) A, No. 2 (That of Pepi ʻOnkh with the 'good name' of Ḥeny the Black), A, No. 4 (That of Ḥepi the Black), D, No. 1 (That of Pepi), E, Nos. 1-4 (Those of Meniu, Nenki, PepiʻOnkh and Tjetu)

Includes index.Electronic reproduction.xi, [62] p., [66] leaves of plates ill. (some col.), fold., geneal. tables, plan 32 c

The mastaba of Khentika, called Ikhekhi

Includes index.Electronic reproduction.78 p., [43] leaves of plates ill., plans 31 c

The rock tombs of Meir, Part 6, The tomb-chapels of Ukhḥopte son of Iam (A, No. 3), Senbi son Ukhḥopte son of Senbi (B, No. 3), and Ukhḥopte son Ukhḥopte and Ḥeny-Ḥery-Ib (C, No. 1)

Includes index.Electronic reproduction.xi, 38 p., [36] leaves of plates ill. (some col.), fold., geneal. tables, plan 32 c