Supravegherea epidemiologică și de laborator a paraliziei acută flască în perioada postcertificare în calitate de țară liberă de poliomielită

Introducere. În anul 2022, de rând cu alte țări din Regiunea Europeană OMS, Republica Moldova a fost certificată liberă de poliomielită. Pentru menţinerea acestei reușite, este nevoie de măsuri de supraveghere epidemiologică și eforturi în activitățile de imunizare. Dat fiind faptul că în lume există două ţări endemice în care anual se înregistrează cazuri de poliomielită sălbatică, riscul de import al virusului poliomielitic sălbatic continuă să persiste. Scopul. Conform recomandărilor OMS și obiectivelor Programului Global de lichidare a poliomielitei este necesar de a monitoriza fiecare caz de paralizie acută flască (PAF) prin depistarea, declararea, înregistrarea și investigarea fiecărui caz. Astfel, ne-am propus să analizăm situația epidemiologică prin studiul observațional privind PAF în Republica Moldova. Material și metode. Au fost recoltate şi investigate 278 de probe de materii fecale. Izolarea tulpinilor virale şi identificarea lor a fost realizată în culturile de celule RD şi L-20B, care au fost recepţionate prin intermediul Organizației Mondiale a Sănătății (OMS). În Laboratorul virusologic al Agenției Naționale pentru Sănătate Publică, prin metoda clasică (reacţia de neutralizare), cu utilizarea serurilor imune specifice polio şi enterovirale standardizate (Bilthoven, Olanda) a fost realizată identificarea tulpinilor poliovirale. Rezultate. În perioada postcertificare – anii 2002-2022, în Republica Moldova, au fost înregistrate și raportate 136 de cazuri de paralizie acută flască (PAF). Repartizarea geografică a fost uniformă, inclusiv din raioanele de Est ale țării. Incidența a variat de la 0,31 la 100000 de copii până la 15 ani în 2017, până la 2,2 – în 2010, în medie constituind 0,96. În perioada de referință, au fost izolate virusuri polio și enterovirusuri de la 10 bolnavi, după cum urmează: 2 cazuri - Polio 1, un caz – Polio 2, 2 cazuri – Polio 3, 1 caz – Polio 1+2, 2 cazuri – Polio 1+2+3, și 1 caz – Polio 1+3, iar la 5 cazuri – diferite serotipuri de virusuri ECHO. Ulterior, poliovirusurile izolate și identificate în Laboratorul ANSP au fost expediate pentru confirmarea şi determinarea originii lor în Laboratorul Regional de Referinţă al OMS (Institutul de Poliomielită şi Encefalite Virale „M. P .Ciumacov”), prin tehnici de biologie moleculară și diferențiere intratipică. Toate tulpinile poliovirale au origine vaccinală şi au fost izolate de la copii vaccinaţi anterior îmbolnăvirii. Din 136 de copii cu sindromul PAF-129 au fost vaccinaţi conform vârstei (94,8%). În rezultatul clasificării definitive a cazurilor de PAF de către Comisia de evaluare și calificare a cazurilor suspecte de poliomielită, nu au fost determinate cazuri compatibile cu poliomielita. Concluzii. Rezultatele atestă menținerea unui sistem viabil de supraveghere a situaţiei epidemiologice privind poliomielita care îl deține Republica Moldova și care include un plan de acţiuni în menținerea statutului țării libere de poliomielită

Effect of ferromagnetic nanoparticle on dyes biodegradation

In this study the biodecolourisation of two dyes, a xanthene dye, Erythrosine B (Ery B) and an azo dye, Reactive Red 51 (RR120), was investigated colourdecolourisationunder batch anaerobic conditions by using non - acclimated anaerobic granular sludge. The effect of ferromagnetic nanoparticle (FN) (as adsorbent or mediator) on dyes removal was experienced

Environmental impact assessment of biodiesel production from soybean

In this study the environmental impacts of biodiesel production from soybean were determined by using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. In order to achieve this objective all four LCA stages (goal setting, life cycle inventory, impact assessment and interpretation) were followed. The system boundaries included: cultivation, transport, crushing and extraction, soy oil refining and biodiesel production. The functional unit considered in this study is 1000 kg of biodiesel. All the inputs and outputs for each process included in the biodiesel production system were collected, calculated and estimated in the inventory phase. Environmental impact assessment step was performed considering LCA methods such as: CML 2001, CML 96, EDIP 2003 and ReCiPe. The impact categories selected for this evaluation were: global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP), human toxicity potential (HTP), photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP), agricultural land occupation (ALO); climate change ecosystems (CCE); climate change human health (CCHh); fossil depletion (FD); particulate matter formation (PMF) etc. Results showed that negative values were obtained for GWP, EP, CCE, CCHh indicators which means positive impacts of biodiesel production on the environment while the others impact categories have positive low levels respectively negative environmental impacts. Overall the greenhouse gases (GHG) are emitted from combustion of fuel used; the diesel used for soybean transportation also contributes to GHG emissions; the transesterification process significantly contributes to the emissions of these gases

Assessment of Phaseolus vulgaris L. biomass as low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Congo red dye from aqueous solutions

This research deals with the evaluation of available waste biomass of Phaseolus vulgaris L., as low cost adsorbents, in the removal of organic azo dye Congo red (CR). The effects of operational parameters on the efficiency of dye removal, including contact time, initial pollutant concentration and adsorbent dose have been investigated. The obtained results show that the amount of dye uptake was found to increase with the increase of contact time and initial dye concentration. The maximum sorption capacity was 1.291 mg g-1 for CR at 20°C. The removal efficiency of CR is increasing with the increase on sorbent dose, in the range of studied concentration (10 - 30 mg L-1 ). For evaluating the mechanism involved in the sorption process, the experimental results were analyzed using pseudo-I order kinetic model, pseudo-II order kinetic model, the Ritchie second-order model and intraparticle diffusion model. The pseudo II-order kinetic model agrees very well with the dynamic behavior of the sorption of CR dye onto Phaseolus vulgaris L. hull. The experimental sorption results indicated that agricultural waste - bean hull could be applied as an low-cost sorbent alternative used for azo dye removal from industrial effluents, taking into account that no pretreatment on the solid is carried out

Removal of Erythrosine B dye from water effluents using crop waste pumpkin seed hulls as adsorbent

Erythrosine B is widely used for coloring in various applications, especially in the food industry, despite its already proved toxicity and carcinogenicity. The agrowaste pumpkin seed hulls were applied as potential adsorbent for the removal of Erythrosine from aqueous solutions. Adsorption mechanism and kinetics were analyzed for design purposes. The seed hulls were characterized by specific techniques before and after dye retention. It was found that the attachment of Erythrosine B molecules on adsorbent surface may be attributed to the interactions between carboxyl and/or carbonyl groups of both dye and agrowaste wall components. A univariate approach followed by a factorial design was applied to study and analyze the experimental results as well as to estimate the combined effects of the process factors on the removal efficiency and dye uptake. Adsorption mechanism may be predominantly due to intraparticle diffusion, dependent on pore size. The four equilibrium models applied fitted the data well; the maximum adsorption capacity for Erythrosine was 16.4 mg/g. The results showed that adsorbent is effective for Erythrosine B removal for a large concentration range in aqueous solutions (5400 mg/L) in batch systems.This paper was elaborated with the support of a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research, CNCS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-II-ID-PCE-2011-3-0559, Contract 265/2011. The authors are very grateful to Dr Luciana Pereira from University of Minho, Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering-Centre of Biological Engineering, Braga, Portugal for her substantial contribution and support during experimental investigation and paper elaboration

Identification of biogenig amine in salad dressings

The presence of biogenic amine in food represents a quality indicator of acceptability. The intake of foods containing biogenic amines can present a health hazard through the direct toxic effect of these compounds. The biogenic amine contents in four samples of sauce used for salad enrichment were determined using HPLC. From the sampled fresh open after purchase, just two were identified with traces of biogenic amines. Of the nine biogenic amines under study, six of them were identified after 7 days after -sauces were open and stored in refrigeration: putrescine (1%), spermidine (1%), spermine (1%), tryamine (4%), phenylethylamine (72%) and histamine (21%). The total content for the identified amine in each sauce was 150.45 mg/g with a range from 2.55 mg/g to 112.75 mg/g. After 14 days in three sauces was identified one type of biogenic amine namely: putrescine, spennidine and phenylethylamine

UV/TiO2 photocatalytic degradation of xanthene dyes

UV/titanium dioxide (TiO2) degradation of two xanthene dyes, erythrosine B (Ery) and eosin Y (Eos), was studied in a photocatalytic reactor. Photocatalysis was able to degrade 98% of Ery and 73% of Eos and led to 65% of chemical oxygen demand removal. Experiments in buffered solutions at different initial pH values reveal the pH dependence of the process, with better results obtained under acidic conditions due to the electrostatic attraction caused by the opposite charges of TiO2 (positive) and of anionic dyes (negative). Batch activity tests under methanogenic conditions showed the high toxicity exerted by the dyes even at low concentrations (~85% with initial concentration of 0.3 mmol L 1), but the end products of photocatalytic treatment were much less toxic toward methanogenic bacteria, as detoxification of 85 ± 5% for Eos and 64 ± 7% for Ery were obtained. In contrast, the dyes had no inhibitory effect on the biogeniccarbon biodegradation activity of aerobic biomass, obtained by respirometry. The results demonstrate that photocatalysis combining UV/TiO2 as a pretreatment followed by an anaerobic biological process may be promising for the treatment of wastewaters produced by many industries.This work was supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research, CNCS UEFISCDI, project PN-II-ID-PCE-2011-3-0559, contract 265/2011, and the PTDC/AMB/69335/2006 project grants. Luciana Pereira holds a Pos-Doc fellowship (SFRH/BPD/80941/2011), Raquel Pereira holds a fellowship (SFRH/BPD/39086/2007) and Catarina S. Oliveira holds a PhD fellowship (SFRH/BD/32289/2006) from Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia

Comparative studies concerning the behaviour of organic pollutants in Iasi area soil

Widespread contamination of soil and groundwater by synthetic organic chemicals (e.g., dyes) has been recognized as an issue of growing importance in recent years. For this reason, is very important to elucidate the fate and transport pathways of these compounds in environmental components. The behavior and persistence of dyes depend on their sorption, transformation, transport and degradation in environmental compartments. The objectives of the present investigation has been to compare the sorption behaviour of two organic pollutants Acid Orange 7 (C.I. 15510, 350.32 g mol-1) and Erythrosine B (C.I. 45430, M=879.86 g mol-1) onto soil from Iasi area (Romania). The studies were performed by batch mode, at 200 C and natural pH of solution. The adsorption characteristics and dye uptake in soil have been determined by investigating the influence of some parameters (contact time, adsorbent dose and initial dye concentration). It was found that equilibrium sorption amount increases with the increase in initial dye concentration and contact time. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models were applied to evaluate the adsorption process. Over the entire range of concentration the obtained results show that the adsorption of the studied dyes follows the Freundlich model

Sucuri comerciale la tetra pack - evaluarea parametrilor de calitate

The present study was conducted to investigate the physico-chemical parameters (titratable acidity, total soluble solids, antioxidant capacity and total phenolic compounds) of six different types of commercial Tetra Pack juices. The total phenolic content was measured byFolin-Ciocalteu reagent assay.Antioxidant activity determination was performed by the spectrophotometric method with the DPPH reagent (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). Results of the physico-chemical properties obtained show the following range of values for acidity (1.46-2.76 g/L malic acid), total solids (9.17-12.00 °Bx). The highest total phenolic content was 1.138 mg GAE/100g and the lowest 0.003 mg GAE/100g. It was shown that the content of total antioxidant activity in juices varied between 0.639 and 1.554

Evaluarea fizico-chimică a calităţii iaurturilor cu piersici pentru copii

Nutritional research has mentioned that fortification of food by using natural resources is one of the best ways to improve the total nutrient intake of foods with minimal side effects. One of the product categories that can be enriched is fermented products, especially yoghurts. A special category is those for children. In this study the physico-chemical characteristics of four types of yogurts were evaluated. Following the color evaluation, the total colordifference (TCD) increased with the increase in the peach purée concentration, and the values varied between 7.2 and 19. Total acidity values are between 118.75 and 150 ° T, respectively 3.85 and 4.17 pH units. The sodium chloride concentration values were between 0.14 and 0.2 g NaCl/100 g. For fat content the determinate values were lower than those declared (3.2%; 2.7% and 0.8%). Rheological measurements performed showed that all samples behave like a yogurt