TRENDS OF CLIMATE ELEMENTS IN COTNARI AND LOCAL AGROGEOGRAPHIC SUSTAINABILITY

The present study presents the evolutions of the main climatic elements (air temperature, relative humidity of the air, the nebulozity, the shine duration of the Sun, atmospheric precipitation and winds) between 1961-2018 and the probability of local agricultural activities in Cotnari area, under growing conditions. the vulnerability of the environmental components to the variability of the climatic elements. The Cotnari area is located in the transition zone the Plateau of Suceava towards the Moldavia Plain, between the Ruginoasa - Tg. Frumos to the south and Bucecea - Botoşani, to the north. Climatically, Cotnari is located at the intersection of Eastern European air masses specific to the Moldavian Plain, characterized by hot and dry summers, cold winters with cold winds and Scandinavian-Baltic influences specific to the Suceava Plateau, characterized by cool summers and cold winters [3]. The average values of the main climatic elements calculated for the period 1961-2018 are of 9.6 ° C for the air temperature, 520mm the average amount of atmospheric precipitation, the relative humidity of the air of 76% the dominance of the winds from the northwest (31%) and the longer duration of Sun shine in the northern Moldovan area of 2140 hours/year. Elementary climatic conditions for the phenological regime of local agricultural plants and the scientific explanation of the cultivation of native white vine species on Cătălina Hill: Grasă of Cotnari, Frâncușa, Fetească Albă, Chardonnay, Sauvignon, Pinot gris, Pink Traminer, Tămâioasa, Muscat Ottonel

Plant discrimination by Support Vector Machine classifier based on spectral reflectance

Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms are developed for weed-crop discrimination and their accuracies are compared with a conventional data-aggregation method based on the evaluation of discrete Normalised Difference Vegetation Indices (NDVIs) at two different wavelengths. A testbed is especially built to collect the spectral reflectance properties of corn (as a crop) and silver beet (as a weed) at 635 nm, 685 nm, and 785 nm, at a speed of 7.2 km/h. Results show that the use of the Gaussian-kernel SVM method, in conjunction with either raw reflected intensities or NDVI values as inputs, provides better discrimination accuracy than that attained using the discrete NDVI-based aggregation algorithm. Experimental results carried out in laboratory conditions demonstrate that the developed Gaussian SVM algorithms can classify corn and silver beet with corn/silver-beet discrimination accuracies of 97%, whereas the maximum accuracy attained using the conventional NDVI-based method does not exceed 70%

A novel method for detecting morphologically similar crops and weeds based on the combination of contour masks and filtered Local Binary Pattern operators

Background: Weeds are a major cause of low agricultural productivity. Some weeds have morphological features similar to crops, making them difficult to discriminate. Results: We propose a novel method using a combination of filtered features extracted by combined Local Binary Pattern operators and features extracted by plant-leaf contour masks to improve the discrimination rate between broadleaf plants. Opening and closing morphological operators were applied to filter noise in plant images. The images at 4 stages of growth were collected using a testbed system. Mask-based local binary pattern features were combined with filtered features and a coefficient k. The classification of crops and weeds was achieved using support vector machine with radial basis function kernel. By investigating optimal parameters, this method reached a classification accuracy of 98.63% with 4 classes in the bccr-segset dataset published online in comparison with an accuracy of 91.85% attained by a previously reported method. Conclusions: The proposed method enhances the identification of crops and weeds with similar appearance and demonstrates its capabilities in real-time weed detection. © 2020 The Author(s) 2020

Simulation of high fidelity control system designs using parallel architectures and floating point FPGA computing

Execution of Real Time simulation models is crucial in control systems but rarely achieved for highly complex feedback models. On the other hand, the use of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) technology is proven to achieve execution speeds faster than real time for high fidelity models. However, as current FPGA applications are specialised and tool sets do not support basic control systems floating point blocks, significant effort is invested in order to incorporate new designs. These are typically non-intuitive, constructed and optimised manually. In order to overcome these difficulties, this thesis offers a standalone solution for simulation of control system designs using FPGAs. This is based on a floating point library of re-usable Hardware Descriptive Language (HDL) components, under System Generator toolbox, in Simulink. Also, extended research was performed in collaboration with Jaguar Land Rover, Rolls-Royce and Goodrich in order to underline general practices and main limitations of current methods found in Automotive and Aerospace Industries. The first contribution is a modelling design suite for floating point HDL control systems applications which reduces the design time to that of standard Simulink control systems simulation models. The most efficient FPGA design implementation is discussed. The presented methods are based on an extensive range of HDL design paths which assure the efficiency of the generated HDL structures, including comparisons not explored in the current literature. Contributions are offered for one of the major challenges found in generic FPGA implementations: the optimisation of the pipelining stages. A semi-automated throughput optimisation process was constructed on a rigorous mathematical model. Furthermore, the transition from serial to parallel architectures represents a considerable challenge due to an overwhelming number of unexplored options and conflicting factors. The work presented achieves the first reported complete parallelisation characterisation for generic MIMO L T1 state space systems using standalone FPGA implementations. This allows computational architectures to be split into most of the feasible combinations of serial and parallel FPGA computing blocks. Automatic optimisations of latency, occupied FPGA area and execution speed are attained and justified in respect to an increased number of possible implementations. These contributions are combined to offer a complete package for high fidelity control systems implementations. Results given by generic complex test case studies show a consistent execution time speed-up when compared to other industry based available technologies.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Intonational Structures in Romanian Yes-No Questions

This paper presents the conclusions resulted from an intonational analysis of Romanian Yes-No questions. The recent analysis results consist in dividing and structuring the F0 curves into intonational units. Each intonational unit is described by a tone sequence using ToBI labels used in annotation of the most important phonetic events: pitch accents and boundary tones. The authors of the present study propose a description of the resulted patterns for F0 contour in terms of intonational units structures described by their tone sequence. We consider this description suitable for the variety of melodic contours resulted from different speakers and different focalizations in their utterances. In paragraph 3, the paper presents the intonational variants resulted from our speech corpus analysis. The conclusions of Yes-No question analysis are important for linguistic studies and in Romanian speech synthesis

Intonational Structures in Romanian Yes-No Questions

This paper presents the conclusions resulted from an intonational analysis of Romanian Yes-No questions. The recent analysis results consist in dividing and structuring the F0 curves into intonational units. Each intonational unit is described by a tone sequence using ToBI labels used in annotation of the most important phonetic events: pitch accents and boundary tones. The authors of the present study propose a description of the resulted patterns for F0 contour in terms of intonational units structures described by their tone sequence. We consider this description suitable for the variety of melodic contours resulted from different speakers and different focalizations in their utterances. In paragraph 3, the paper presents the intonational variants resulted from our speech corpus analysis. The conclusions of Yes-No question analysis are important for linguistic studies and in Romanian speech synthesis

The Effect of Mn Substitution on Natural Sphalerites by Means of Raman Spectroscopy: A Case Study of the Săcărâmb Au–Ag–Te Ore Deposit, Apuseni Mountains, Romania

Natural samples of sphalerites containing Mn in the range 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25 apfu from the Săcărâmb Au–Ag–Te ore deposit, found in the Apuseni Mountains, Romania, were investigated using Raman spectroscopy to determine its capability to provide estimates of Mn content. Raman data for the natural Mn-rich sphalerite have not been published so far, with the largest concentration of Mn in sphalerites being from Romanian territory (i.e., 14.1 wt.%). The results are in good agreement with SEM-EDS data. In this study, three genetic types of sphalerites were identified: from ferroan Zn0.87Fe0.16∑=1.03S0.97 to manganoferroan Zn0.77Mn0.14Fe0.06∑=0.97S1.03, as well as mangan-rich Zn0.8Mn0.25∑=1.05S0.95 compositions. Sphalerites with a high content of Mn (up to 14.1 wt.%) were strongly connected to the presence of alabandite in the mineralized assemblages. The formation of several types of sphalerites in the Săcărâmb Au–Ag–Te ore deposit was caused by the succession of different types of hydrothermal fluids and the interaction between the fluids and the host materials (host rocks and earlier mineralized stages)