Selección y evaluación de bacterias del género Bacillus productoras de amilasa en cultivo sumergido

De los 120 microorganismos aislados de suelos de cítricos de la localidad de Huaral, se identificaron 46 cepas con capacidad de hidrólisis sobre el almidón que representan el 38.33%, existiendo un predominio de B. circulans, con 28.33%; B. Firmus, 23.91%; Faenibacillus spp. 17.39%; B. coagulns, 15.22%,; B. megaterium, 8.70%; B. alvei, 4.35%; B. Lentus, 2.17%. En la fermentación conducida en matraz agitado con caldo almidón modificado según Achi, (1992) B. megaterium MFFB-UNMSM-39 alcanza la mayor actividad de amilasa con 16.10 U/mL., a 45ºC, pH 7.5, y 150 rpm; mientras que en biorreactor de tanque agitado registra una producción de 25.38 U/mL. a 45ºC, pH 7.5, 150 rpm, y 1.5 vvm, que representa un incremento de 9.28 U/mL. (57.63%) por efecto de la aereación y agitación. En el screening al evaluar los ingredientes del sustratos almidón de yuca a 45ºC; pH 7.5; 75 rpm y 1.5 vvm, se encuentra significancia estadística con un α = 0.05, para almidón de yuca; extracto de levadura; citrato de sodio y cloruro de calcio. En la etapa de optimización ascendente, cuando los factores se incrementa en base al cloruro de calcio en 0.3 g/L, se logra incrementar la producción de amilasa y se acorta el periodo de latencia. En la etapa de optimización final se ha encontrado los valores óptimos de los factores; almidón de yuca (X1 = 25.41 g) y cloruro de calcio (X2 = 2.87 g), estos valores corresponden a la cima de la superficie respuesta descrita por el modelo matemático estimado. La enzima amilasa en biorreactor de tanque agitado con caldo almidón almidón de yuca tanto en la fase del screening, optimización ascendente, y optimización final, fueron de 27.40 U/mL; 32.84 U/mL; 33.22 U/mL respectivamente, y la aparición de la producción de amilasa se observó a las 20 horas hacia finales de la fase logarítmica, incrementándose rápidamente de las 28 a las 40 horas y de las 28 a las 36 horas en la fase estacionaria, alcanzando la máxima producción a las 60 horas, para el Screening y optimización ascendente; sin embargo en la optimización final, la enzima hace su aparición a las 16 horas hacia finales de la fase logarítmica, incrementándose aceleradamente de las 24 a las 36 horas para alcanzar su máxima producción a las 60 horas en la fase estacionaria.Of the 120 isolated microorganisms of floors of citric of the town of Huaral, 46 stumps were identified with hidrólisis capacity on the starch that they represent 38.33%, existing a prevalence of B. circulans, with 28.33%; B. Firmus, 23.91%; Faenibacillus spp. 17.39%; B. coagulns, 15.22%,; B. megaterium, 8.70%; B. alvei, 4.35%; B. Lentus, 2.17%. In the fermentation driven in upset flask with broth starch modified according to Achi, (1992) B. megaterium MFFB-UNMSM-39 reaches the biggest amylase activity with 16.55 U/mL., at 45ºC, pH 7.5, and 150 rpm; while in biorreactor of upset tank it registers a production of amylase with 25.38 U/mL., at 45ºC, pH 7.5, and 150 rpm; that represents an increment of 57.82% for effect of the aereación and agitation. In the screening when evaluating the ingredients of the substrates cassaava starch to 45ºC; pH 7.5; 75 rpm and 1.5 vvm, It meets statistical significance with α = 0.05, for cassava starch; yeast extract; sodium of citrate and chloride of calcium. In the stage of upward optimization, when the chloride of calcium is increased in 0.3 g/L, the amylase production is increased in 1% and shortens the period of latency. In the stage of final optimization has been the good values of those factors; yucca starch (X1 = 25.41 g) and chloride of calcium (X2 = 2.87 g), these values correspond to the summit of the surface answer described by the dear mathematical pattern. The enzyme amylase in biorreactor upset tank with broth starch so much of the screening, upward optimization, and final optimization, the maximum productions of the amylase enzyme were of 27.40 U/mL; 32.84 U/mL; 33.22 U/mL respectively, and the appearance of the amylase production was observed at the 20 hours toward final of the logarithmic phase, increased fasted at the 28 at 40 hours and 28 at 36 hours reaching the maximum production at the 60 hours in the stationary phase for screening and upward optimization; however in the final optimization the enzyme appears at the 16 hours toward final of the logarithmic phase, increased fasted at the 24 at 36 hours for to reach the maximum production at the 60 hours in the stationary phase.Tesi

Impacts of Supervision, Information and Communication between Management Control and Administrative Management Procedures

Supervision and Information and communication relate to control activities that are incorporated into control processes and operations for the purpose of evaluation and continuous improvement (CGR, 2016). It is an observational study of quantitative approach, causal explanatory level with a probability sample of 120 workers, which evaluate the measurement model and the construct of variables, whose data are analysed with PLS-SEM statistical tests.  The measurement model assesses its applicability with the results of the validity and reliability indicators, which are above the threshold of 0.60 and 0.50. The evaluation of the structural model is carried out by means of the Bootstrapping inference statistical analysis. The results show that there are direct and indirect effects of supervision and information and communication of the mediation model, where the total direct effects of managerial control activities and administrative management performance coefficient ?t=0.217 and the total indirect effects are 0.491 and are highly significant