Evaluation of Betel Leaves (Piper Betel) for Enhancing Shelf-Life of Ghee (Heat Clarified Milk Fat) against Oxidative Deterioration

Betel leaves was evaluated as an antioxidant to enhance the shelf-life of ghee (heat clarified milk fat) against oxidative deterioration. Addition of betel leaves at final stage of heat clarification was found more effective in controlling oxidative deterioration of the ghee than that of the initial stage of heat clarification. The optimum rate for use of betel leaves in treatment of ghee was found 0.3%. The addition of betel leaves @ 0.3% of the expected yield of ghee at the final stage of the heat clarification in preparation of ghee found highly effective in retarding its oxidative deterioration during storage. It was even more effective than most popular synthetic antioxidant BHA

Evaluation of camel milk for selected processing related parameters and comparisons with cow and buffalo milk

Cow and buffalo milk and camel milk were analyzed and compared for processing related parameters. The average heat stability of cow, buffalo and camel milk samples analyzed was 1807.4 seconds, 1574.6 seconds and 133.6 seconds respectively at 140 °C. Thus, the heat stability of camel milk was significantly lower than the cow milk and buffalo milk. The average rennet coagulation time (RCT) of cow, buffalo and camel milk was 310.6 seconds, 257.4 seconds and 604.2 seconds respectively. Thus, RCT of camel milk was significantly higher than the cow milk and buffalo milk. The camel, cow and buffalo milk samples showed negative alcohol stability. The rate of acidity was increased propositionally with time in camel milk with no curd formation and weaker body