The effectiveness of interventions targeting physical activity and/or sedentary behaviour in people with Multiple Sclerosis: a systematic review

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Nuspojave adjuvantnog zračenja bolesnika sa seminomom testisa stadija I

In this study we followed up the side effects of adjuvant radiotherapy in patients with testicular seminoma stage I over a period from 13 to 84 months (median 28 months). The most frequent side effects during radiotherapy were gastrointestinal (nausea/vomiting), psychological, cognitive, and minor sexual problems. The reported side effects were treated by antiemetics and anxiolytics. After radiotherapy, the side effects persisted in 6 % of patients, but only a few of them required additional treatment. Healthy children were born to 76 % of patients in the 18 to 39 years age group. This study shows that adjuvant radiotherapy of the para-aortic lymph nodes with the total dosage of 24 Gy in 16 daily fractions administered to testicular seminoma patients causes acceptable side effects, does not adversely affect quality of life and fertility, if the approach to treatment is individual and family consulting is provided. This makes adjuvant radiotherapy of the para-aortic lymph nodes an acceptable treatment for testicular seminoma stage I patients.su u periodu od 13 do 84 mjeseca (medijan 28 mjeseci). Tijekom radioterapije bolesnici su imali najčešće nuspojave od strane probavnog sustava (mučnina/povraćanje), psihološke i kognitivne probleme i blaže seksualne smetnje. Navedene nuspojave uspješno su tretirane antiemeticima i anksioliticima. Nakon radioterapije 76 % bolesnika dobne skupine od 18 do 39 godina ima zdravu djecu. Zaključno, ovo istraživanje pokazuje da adjuvantno zračenje paraaortalnih limfnih čvorova s ukupnom dozom od 24 Gy u 16 frakcija kod bolesnika sa seminomom testisa stadija I uzrokuje prihvatljive nuspojave uz prihvatljivu kvalitetu života, fertilitet, koristeći individualni pristup liječenju te obiteljsko savjetovalište. Adjuvantna radioterapija seminoma testisa stadija I je prihvatljiv oblik liječenja

A New Approach to Unit Root Testing

Unit root tests, Simulation based test, Simulation study, PPP hypothesis, C22, C12,

National identity in Timor-Leste: challenges and opportunities

Following a long independence struggle and international intervention, in 2006 the tiny impoverished state of Timor-Leste almost imploded in civil chaos and institutional collapse. The events of the time were quickly defined in terms of an east-west geographical and, broadly, linguistic and political divide, corresponding to pro- and anti-government groupings. International intervention quelled the worst of the violence, although elections in 2007 confirmed the general tendency, if not an absolute alignment, to the divide that had appeared in 2006. However, much also united Timor-Leste historically and culturally and, increasingly, in a broad acceptance of civic institutions. It was from this base that the small and sometimes fragile state began to build what promised to be a more coherent future. <br /