TAMANHO DA PRIMEIRA MATURAÇÃO DE DUAS ESPÉCIES DE INTERESSE PESQUEIRO NA BACIA DO ALTO RIO PARAGUAI – MATO GROSSO: SUBSÍDIOS PARA O ESTABELECIMENTO DO TAMANHO MÍNIMO DE CAPTURA

A pesca é uma importante atividade econômica, o manejo eficiente é fundamental para a manutenção dos estoques pesqueiros e identificar o tamanho no qual os indivíduos iniciam o processo reprodutivo é fundamental para a gestão desses recursos, pois possibilita o estabelecimento de medidas como o tamanho mínimo de captura, principalmente para aquelas espécies que são mais apreciadas pela atividade pesqueira. O pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) e o pintado (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans), são espécies muito importantes nas pescarias, na bacia do alto rio Paraguai (BAP), representam 40% das capturas. Para estimar os comprimentos de primeira maturação (L50) e o comprimento no qual 100% dos indivíduos já atingiram a maturidade sexual (L100) do pacu (P. mesopotamicus) e do pintado (P. corruscans), na BAP, foram ajustados modelos logísticos aos dados de proporção de adultos em função da classe de comprimento e os parâmetros foram estimados por regressão não linear. P. mesopotamicus atinge o comprimento de primeira maturação com 34,4 cm e aos 40,2 cm todos os indivíduos já alcançaram a maturidade. P. corruscans alcança o comprimento de primeira maturação aos 65,86 cm e todos os indivíduos já são adultos com 81 cm. Não houve diferenças significativas entre machos e fêmeas no comprimento de primeira maturação para P. corruscans, porém em P. mesopotamicus, as fêmeas alcançam o L50 em comprimento menor em relação aos machos. Os resultados demonstraram que, quanto ao tamanho mínimo de captura, a legislação vigente ainda é adequada, ou seja, de acordo com a regulamentação do estado de Mato Grosso, a autorização para captura das espécies que foram objetos de estudo neste trabalho, ocorre após o início do processo reprodutivo

Effect of abiotic variables on fish eggs and larvae distribution in headwaters of Cuiabá River, Mato Grosso State, Brazil

Researches on ichthyoplankton seems to be an important tool to identification of spawning areas and periods for freshwater fish. Ichthyoplankton was sampled monthly in the headwaters of the Cuiabá River, upper Paraguay River basin, (Mato Grosso State, Brazil), and in four of its tributaries, between November 2007 and March 2008, to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of fish eggs and larvae and the influence of regional and local variables on their distribution. In total, 22,067 eggs and 1,045 larvae were collected. A significant negative correlation was found between egg density and the variables of river level and flow volume. Larval density was not significantly correlated with any of the regional variables. The egg and larval densities were significantly higher at the sampling sites in the main river. The highest densities were found in environments with greater river widths, intermediate depths and lowest values of dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, and transparency. Anostomidae, Zungaro zungaro, Bryconamericus spp., Pimelodus spp., Pimelodidae, Auchenipteridae, and Siluriformes were the most abundant groups of larvae, and were observed at the sampling sites in the main river. The study site is an important spawning area for migratory and, non-migratory fish species, and highlight the importance of the main river to the reproductive event, by the influence of local variables transparency and river width, which in turn maybe temporally influenced by the river level

Reproductive biology of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) (Teleostei: Characidae) in the Cuiabá River Basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil

The purpose of this study was to analyze the reproductive strategy and life-history traits involved in the reproductive processes of P. mesopotamicus in two regions of the Cuiabá River basin, the first of these encompassing its headwaters (Cuiabazinho River - Rosário Oeste) and the other the flood area of the Cuiabá River (Porto Cercado - Poconé). A total of 391 individuals were sampled monthly from August 2006 to July 2007, 159 from the headwaters and 232 from the flood area. The size structure indicated that the females in the headwaters attain longer lengths than the males, while no differences in length were found in the flood area. Females predominated in the headwaters, while males outnumbered females in the flood area. The reproductive period in the headwaters extended from October to March, but was restricted to October and November in the flood area. Feeding activity showed significant differences in both sexes between the stages of gonadal maturation, with the highest values recorded in stages of gonadal inactivity. The length at first maturity was 34.89 cm and the length at which all specimens were ready for reproduction was 44 cm at both sampling sites. The spawning type was total and fecundity was positively correlated to the size of the female

Spatial and temporal distribution of fish larvae in marginal lagoons of Pantanal, Mato Grosso State, Brazil

An analysis was made of the spatial and temporal distribution of the abundance and composition of fish larvae assemblies, aiming to ascertain correlations with biotic and abiotic factors in marginal lagoons of the Cuiabá River floodplain in Brazil's Pantanal wetlands. Samples were collected bimonthly in the pelagic region of the marginal lagoons (fourteen lagoons) close to the littoral zone covered by aquatic macrophytes from December 2006 to April 2007. The captured individuals consisted of 2,739 larvae, represented predominantly by Triportheus spp. (Characidae), Parodontidae, Anostomidae, Characidae and Serrasalmidae. Larval density varied among the sample lagoons in December, but the biotic (zooplankton density) and abiotic (water temperature, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, water transparency and lagoon depth) factors did not significantly affect larval composition and abundance. Larvae were captured throughout the sample period, with the highest densities occurring in December and early January. Temporally, lagoon depth, water transparency and fluviometric level showed a negative correlation with larval density. Both the zooplankton and the larval density vary positively, responding likewise to the environmental conditions imposed by flooding. The highest larval density was also found to coincide with the first rains (early December), when the rainfall has not yet reached its peak

Parasitism by argulids (Crustacea: Branchiura) in piranhas (Osteichthyes: Serrasalmidae) captured in the Caiçara bays, upper Paraguay River, Pantanal, Mato Grosso state, Brazil

In this study, 446 fishes were analyzed: 190 Pygocentrus nattereri, 193 Serrasalmus maculatus, and 63 S. marginatus.They were captured in two bays, upper and lower Caiçara, in the upper Paraguay River basin, during one hydrological cycle from May 2008 to April 2009. Six species of Branchiura were found: Dolops bidentata, D. longicauda, Dolops sp., Argulus multicolor, A. chicomendesi, and Dipteropeltis hirundo. All fish species were infested by more than one species of Branchiura and the overall prevalence was 33.4%. The following prevalences were observed: 52.6% in P. nattereri; 20.3% in S. maculatus, and 15.8% in S. marginatus. The relative condition factor (Kn) differed significantly between parasitized and non parasitized individuals only in P. nattereri and S. maculatus. There was no correlation between Kn and abundance of parasites nor between body length (Ls) and intensity of infestation, in all three host species