<Individual Paper>Information Collecting of Local Government in the Policy for School Construction : a Step towards the Analysis of Intergovernmental Relations of Educational Administration by Focusing on the Vertical Intergovernmental Relations

The purpose of this paper is to examine information collecting of local government (Japanese cities, towns, villages) in the policy for school construction and to consider factor of this behavior. Through the questionnaire and collecting of data of local governments, the following points are made clear. First, when a local government intends to construct a school, it tends to collect the information about the other local governments which have constructed distinguished school. The means of information collecting are visitation of other local governments or reading magazines for experts and so on. And, it not only visits the local governments in the prefecture which it belongs to but also the ones of the other prefectures. Second, the factors of this behavior are financial capability and information collecting in ordinary period when the school construction is not actual issue. In short, the lower the financial capability of local government is, or the more eagerly the local government collects the information of other local governments, the more passively the local government collect information of other governments when school construction become actual issue

The system and its special character of educational administration and educational finance in the construction of school institution : a study for understanding of educational administration and educational finance in post-second-world-war Japan

The purpose of this paper is to prove function and problem of educational administration and educational finance in post-second-world-war Japan. This paperuse to establish it by statistic data of the construction of school institution. The conclusion of this paper is as follows : first, the construction of school institution has been developed by the financial system, especially, treasury charge, and that in spite of a gap between rich local government and poor local government and between large and small. But, sencond, the prpblem of this system is lack of participation by local government and its strict regulation

<Individual Paper>Educational Finance System\u27s feature in Intergovernmental Relations in Post-War Japan : with focus on the Construction of Public Schools at Local Governments

This paper is intended as an investigation of educational finance system\u27s function and feature in intergovernmental relations in World War 2 with focus on the construction of public schools at local governments. In this study, statistical year books on finance of local governments are used for the closer investing than the previous studies. The results of this statistical study are as follows : 1. Local governments share the work of constructing public schools with central government in intergovernmental relations. 2. Local governments construct public schools using subsidy and local government bonds. The following points are made clear as a result of the analysis : 1. An advantage of educational finance system is pointed out. Educational finance system bring achievement of national minimum in education. Local governments are able to construct many schools because Ministry of Education. Science, Sports and Culture (Monbusho) supply subsidy. 2. Monbusho and local governments have close financial relations. Local governments depend upon Monbusho for subsidy. On the other hand, Monbusho depends upon local governments to execute its policy for construction of public schools. 3. There is room for autonomy of local governments in execution of present educational finance system. Monbusho does not control tightly over local governments. Local government does not have to construct within the standard level of Monbusho. Of course, local governments have to accept the standards of Monbusho. But they are able to add their own source of revenue to subsidy of Monbusho in order to construct public schools

Function of Subsidy Systems for Maintaining the National Minimum through Constructing Public School Institution : Focusing on the Difference among Prefectures

This paper intends to analyze the function of subsidy systems for the achievement and maintenance of the national minimum in Japan. The non-wooden school building area ratio has been increased since the 1967 fiscal year to the 1999 fiscal year. On the other hand, the number of the dangerous school building ratio and the dangerous school building area ratio have been fallen during these years. This means that the subsidy system brought about the achievement and maintenance of the national minimum all over Japan. When the coefficient of variation of the numerical value of all prefectures on a non-wooden school building area ratio is analyzed, the difference is contracting continuously from the 1967 fiscal year to the 1999 fiscal year. On the other hand, the number of the dangerous school building ratio and the dangerous school building area ratio showed that the difference have been expanded in these indexes. It is made clear from this analysis that the national minimum is achieved in national level yet the differentials on dangerous school building among prefectures have been expanded

Interest Groups for Educational Policy in Intergovernmental Relations : A Case of Groups in Prefecture

The result of research are as follows : first, interest groups mediates between the Ministry of Education and local governments in administrative respect so that the policy can be output equally all over Japan. Second, interest groups contributes to the expansion of the subsidy-system and holds the amount of their plan. Third, interest groups makes the administrative and the political relations so that the policy can be executed smoothly

The framework of educational administration and finance in modern Japan : Referring to the study of intergovernmental relations

The purpose of this paper is to construct the framework for analyzing institution and policy process of educational administration and finance in modern Japan. This framework is to be constructed by referring to the study of intergovernmental relations. The outlines of the framework are as follows : 1. Cities, towns and villages and prefectures are recognized as local government which have legislative, administrative and judicial power, but agency of central government. 2. Not only central-local government relations (perpendicular relations) but also inter-local governmental relations are analyzed. Inter-local governmental relations are perpendicular relations between local governments and horizontal relations between local governments. 3. Actors of government office and political organization should be analyzed. 4. Political behavior of actor of government office should be analyzed. 5. Official system and political process are analyzed being based on above-stated four viewpoints