Variation of the stapes and its surrounding anatomical structures based on micro-computed tomography

Background: Stapedotomy is the most efficient treatment for otosclerosis. The anatomical structure of the operation area is complex, but it has a great impact on the postoperative effect. We measure the anatomical parameters of the stapes and its surrounding structures to provide an anatomical reference for stapes surgery in otosclerosis. Materials and methods: Fifteen adult cadaver heads (30 samples) were scanned using micro-CT. The stapes, facial nerve and external auditory canal were reconstructed by image processing. The stapes parameters and relationships between the stapes and surrounding structures were measured using a three-dimensional reconstruction model. Results: The length, width and thickness of the stapes footplate were 2.93 ± 0.17 mm, 1.46 ± 0.08 mm and 0.30 ± 0.11 mm, respectively. The distance between the stapes footplate and long process of the incus was 3.79±0.39 mm. The angle of the incudostapedial joint was 88.29 ± 11.58°. The distance from the center of the stapes footplate to the facial canal was 1.60 ± 0.34 mm. In simulated stapes surgery, the minimum depth of the external auditory canal to be removed was 2.17 ± 0.91 mm, and no significant difference was found between the left and right sides and between men and women (P > 0.05). Conclusions: A three-dimensional model of the stapes bone and its surrounding anatomical structures was established based on Micro-CT imaging. Anatomical parameters of the stapes bone and its surrounding structures were measured using the model. In stapedotomy, the implanted piston diameter should be around 0.6mm, with a length of approximately 4.6mm. Care should be taken to protect the facial nerve canal during the surgery. These data provide reference for otologists

Causal effects of education attainment on oral and oropharyngeal cancer: New evidence from a meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization study

ObjectivesHigher educational attainment (EA) has proven to be beneficial for preventing and treating various types of cancers. Currently, there is little evidence on the association between EA and prevention of oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer (OCPC).MethodsSeveral databases were searched until October 1, 2022, and a meta-analysis was performed. A Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted with EA (i.e., the exposure) data derived from the Social Science Genetic Association Consortium and 6,034 cases of OCPC (i.e., outcome) selected from the Integrative Epidemiology Unit genome-wide association study. Five methods were used to evaluate the causality between EA and OCPC. The leave-one-out sensitivity test, MR-Egger regression, and multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis were applied to evaluate the MR results.ResultsThe meta-analysis included 36 eligible studies. EA was significantly and negatively associated with OCPC risk (odds ratio [OR]: 0.439, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.383–0.503, P < 0.001). MR analysis revealed that the risk of OCPC, oropharyngeal cancer, and oral cavity cancer decreased with an increase in education (OR: 0.349, 95% CI: 0.222–0.548, P < 0.001; OR: 0.343, 95% CI: 0.198–0.597; P < 0.001; OR: 0.342, 95% CI: 0.195–0.601, P < 0.001, respectively). Even after correcting for mediators, high EA still significantly reduced the risk of OCPC (OR: 0.361, 95% CI: 0.281–0.463, P < 0.001).ConclusionBoth the meta-analysis and MR results demonstrated that high levels of EA can reduce the risk of OCPC in the general population

Understanding Idle Land Using Local Environmental Characteristics: A Case Study of Liuyang, China

Idle land represents a major challenge to sustainable land management and the effective utilization of land resources. Achieving a comprehensive understanding of idle land is crucial to reduce land waste and promoting sustainable socio-economic development. While previous research has mainly focused on the concepts and governance of idle land, limited attention has been paid to its local environmental characteristics (LECs), this study aims to research idle land in Liuyang City to better understand its spatial distribution pattern and association with LESc for sustainable land use practices. The research employs various techniques, including testing the validity of Zipf’s law in relation to idle land, using spatial autocorrelation methods to determine its spatial distribution at the town/subdistrict level, and employing spatial-semantic clustering to identify spatio-LEC patterns of idle land. The results show that the areal distribution of idle land at the town/subdistrict level is close to the ideal state. Additionally, the study identifies non-randomness in the spatial patterns of idle land and observes links among different types of idle land with varying uses

Epstein Barr virus infection in tree shrews alters the composition of gut microbiota and metabolome profile

Abstract Background Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is a major global threat; its manifestations range from the absence of symptoms to multiorgan malignancies and various gastrointestinal diseases. Analyzing the composition and metabolomic profile of gut microbiota during acute EBV infection might be instrumental in understanding and controlling EBV. Methods Six tree shrews were inoculated with EBV by intravenous injection. Blood was collected at regular intervals thereafter from the femoral vein to detect EBV and inflammatory biomarker. At the same time, tree shrew faeces were collected for 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and Non-targeted metabolomics analysis. Results 16 S rRNA gene characterization along with β diversity analysis exhibited remarkable alterations in gut microflora structure with a peak at 7 days post-infection(dpi). Some alterations in the relative richness of bacterial taxon were linked to infectious indicators. Of note, Butyricicoccus relative richness was positively linked to EBV presence in the blood and plasma, the opposite correlation was seen with Variovorax and Paramuribaculum. Non-targeted metabolomics indicated the fecal metabolome profile altered during EBV infection, particularly 7 dpi. The relative abundance of geranic acid and undecylenic acid in stool samples was positively linked to systemic inflammatory biomarkers, and an inverse relationship was reported with the estrone glucuronide, linoleic acid, protoporphyrin IX and tyramine. Conclusion Collectively, EBV infection in this model correlated with changes in the composition and metabolome profile of the gut microbiota

Data_Sheet_6_Causal effects of education attainment on oral and oropharyngeal cancer: New evidence from a meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization study.PDF

ObjectivesHigher educational attainment (EA) has proven to be beneficial for preventing and treating various types of cancers. Currently, there is little evidence on the association between EA and prevention of oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer (OCPC).MethodsSeveral databases were searched until October 1, 2022, and a meta-analysis was performed. A Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted with EA (i.e., the exposure) data derived from the Social Science Genetic Association Consortium and 6,034 cases of OCPC (i.e., outcome) selected from the Integrative Epidemiology Unit genome-wide association study. Five methods were used to evaluate the causality between EA and OCPC. The leave-one-out sensitivity test, MR-Egger regression, and multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis were applied to evaluate the MR results.ResultsThe meta-analysis included 36 eligible studies. EA was significantly and negatively associated with OCPC risk (odds ratio [OR]: 0.439, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.383–0.503, P ConclusionBoth the meta-analysis and MR results demonstrated that high levels of EA can reduce the risk of OCPC in the general population.</p

Data_Sheet_2_Causal effects of education attainment on oral and oropharyngeal cancer: New evidence from a meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization study.PDF

ObjectivesHigher educational attainment (EA) has proven to be beneficial for preventing and treating various types of cancers. Currently, there is little evidence on the association between EA and prevention of oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer (OCPC).MethodsSeveral databases were searched until October 1, 2022, and a meta-analysis was performed. A Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted with EA (i.e., the exposure) data derived from the Social Science Genetic Association Consortium and 6,034 cases of OCPC (i.e., outcome) selected from the Integrative Epidemiology Unit genome-wide association study. Five methods were used to evaluate the causality between EA and OCPC. The leave-one-out sensitivity test, MR-Egger regression, and multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis were applied to evaluate the MR results.ResultsThe meta-analysis included 36 eligible studies. EA was significantly and negatively associated with OCPC risk (odds ratio [OR]: 0.439, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.383–0.503, P ConclusionBoth the meta-analysis and MR results demonstrated that high levels of EA can reduce the risk of OCPC in the general population.</p

Data_Sheet_4_Causal effects of education attainment on oral and oropharyngeal cancer: New evidence from a meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization study.PDF

ObjectivesHigher educational attainment (EA) has proven to be beneficial for preventing and treating various types of cancers. Currently, there is little evidence on the association between EA and prevention of oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer (OCPC).MethodsSeveral databases were searched until October 1, 2022, and a meta-analysis was performed. A Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted with EA (i.e., the exposure) data derived from the Social Science Genetic Association Consortium and 6,034 cases of OCPC (i.e., outcome) selected from the Integrative Epidemiology Unit genome-wide association study. Five methods were used to evaluate the causality between EA and OCPC. The leave-one-out sensitivity test, MR-Egger regression, and multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis were applied to evaluate the MR results.ResultsThe meta-analysis included 36 eligible studies. EA was significantly and negatively associated with OCPC risk (odds ratio [OR]: 0.439, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.383–0.503, P ConclusionBoth the meta-analysis and MR results demonstrated that high levels of EA can reduce the risk of OCPC in the general population.</p

Data_Sheet_3_Causal effects of education attainment on oral and oropharyngeal cancer: New evidence from a meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization study.PDF

ObjectivesHigher educational attainment (EA) has proven to be beneficial for preventing and treating various types of cancers. Currently, there is little evidence on the association between EA and prevention of oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer (OCPC).MethodsSeveral databases were searched until October 1, 2022, and a meta-analysis was performed. A Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted with EA (i.e., the exposure) data derived from the Social Science Genetic Association Consortium and 6,034 cases of OCPC (i.e., outcome) selected from the Integrative Epidemiology Unit genome-wide association study. Five methods were used to evaluate the causality between EA and OCPC. The leave-one-out sensitivity test, MR-Egger regression, and multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis were applied to evaluate the MR results.ResultsThe meta-analysis included 36 eligible studies. EA was significantly and negatively associated with OCPC risk (odds ratio [OR]: 0.439, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.383–0.503, P ConclusionBoth the meta-analysis and MR results demonstrated that high levels of EA can reduce the risk of OCPC in the general population.</p

Data_Sheet_5_Causal effects of education attainment on oral and oropharyngeal cancer: New evidence from a meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization study.PDF

ObjectivesHigher educational attainment (EA) has proven to be beneficial for preventing and treating various types of cancers. Currently, there is little evidence on the association between EA and prevention of oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer (OCPC).MethodsSeveral databases were searched until October 1, 2022, and a meta-analysis was performed. A Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted with EA (i.e., the exposure) data derived from the Social Science Genetic Association Consortium and 6,034 cases of OCPC (i.e., outcome) selected from the Integrative Epidemiology Unit genome-wide association study. Five methods were used to evaluate the causality between EA and OCPC. The leave-one-out sensitivity test, MR-Egger regression, and multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis were applied to evaluate the MR results.ResultsThe meta-analysis included 36 eligible studies. EA was significantly and negatively associated with OCPC risk (odds ratio [OR]: 0.439, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.383–0.503, P ConclusionBoth the meta-analysis and MR results demonstrated that high levels of EA can reduce the risk of OCPC in the general population.</p