Detection of Kids milk Quality using Methylene Blue Reduction test

Back ground and Objectives: Milk is a highly nutritious food that serves as an excellent growth medium for a wide range of microorganisms. Rapid, simple and inexpensive microbiological quality determination methods including Methylene Blue Reduction (MBRT) test could be commonly used as a quick method to assess the microbiological quality of raw and pasteurized milk. The aim of study is to determine quality of kids milk using Methylene Blue Dye Reduction Test Methods: A total of 37 samples comprising of kids milk collected at different levels of collection and processed. Accordingly 12 different milk samples from hypermarket, 8 different milk samples from unlicensed hawker (retail market), 11 different samples with additives from hyper market samples and 6 different samples with high price. Samples were collected. One ml of the Methylene Blue Thiocyanate solution added into a test tube then 10 ml of milk poured into test tube. Tubes incubated at 37 oC Results: Results showed that all types of milk that purchased from super market, local market and high price milk types shown no change of methylene Blue color appear on the base of time, that indicate very good quality of the milk. On the base of milk types with additive materials only one milk showed change in colour but after confirm test the colour remained blue and not changed. Conclusion: Methylene blue reduction test is rapid economic method that can be used for detection of milk quality. Approximately all the kids of milks that is purchased in our market and local markets showed sterility and the source contamination if take place may be by storage condition and transvers vehicle

Impact of remittances on economic growth in developing countries: The role of openness

The paper examines the empirical relationship between remittances and economic growth for a sample of 62 developing countries over the time period 1990–2014. Remittances seem to promote growth only in the ‘more open’ countries. That is because remittances are in themselves not sufficient for growth. The extent of the benefit depends on domestic institutions and macroeconomic environment in the receiving country. Unlike the ‘less open’ countries, ‘more open’ countries have better institutions and better financial markets to take advantage of the remittances income and channelise them into profitable investments which, in turn, accelerates the rate of economic growth in these countries.N/

Influence of sheep manure, vermicompost and biofertilizer on growth, yield and profitability of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) production

A field study on effect of various sources of organic manure (sheep manure and vermi compost) with and without biofertilizer (Azotobacter sp.) on performance of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) was conducted at Ajmer (Rajasthan) during rabi 2003, 2004 and 2005. Application of biofertilizer alone as well as in combination with sheep manure, vermicompost and recommended doses of fertilizer resulted in higher growth, yield attributes and yield over absolute control. The association of biofertilizers with all sources of nutrients proved beneficial and resulted in higher growth and yield. Application of recommended doses of fertilizer with seed inoculation by biofertilizer proved to be superior for realizing higher net return and benefit:cost ratio. &nbsp

Growth and yield of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) as influenced by irrigation, nutrient levels and crop geometry

A field experiment was conducted during 2003-06 at Ajmer (Rajasthan) to study the growth, profitability and productivity of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) as influenced by irrigation (12, 15 and 18 days interval), nutrients levels (N and P2O5 each at 60/30, 90/40 and 120/50 kg ha-1) and crop geometry (40 cm x 25 cm, 50 cm x 25 cm and 60 cm x 25 cm). Significantly higher yield attributes, seed yield and N, P and K uptake was obtained with 15 days irrigation interval. Growth parameters, yield attributes, yield and N, P and K uptake were significantly higher with application of 120 kg N and 50 kg P2O5 ha-1. Crop geometry of 60 cm x 25 cm resulted in significantly higher seed yield. Thus, irrigation at 15 days interval with 120 kg N and 50 kg P2 O5 ha-1 at 60 cm x 25 cm was optimum for realizing higher yield, profitability and productivity of fennel. &nbsp

Effect of agronomic practices on productivity and profitability of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.)

A field experiment was carried out at Ajmer (Rajasthan) to find out the optimum sowing time and crop geometry for realising higher productivity and profitability in anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). Fifteen treatment combinations comprising of five dates of sowing viz., 15th October, 30th October, 15th November, 30th November and 15th December in main plot and three crop geometry viz., 20 cm × 10 cm, 25 cm × 10 cm and 30 cm × 10 cm spacing in sub plot were taken. The results revealed that sowing of anise on 15th October produced significantly higher plant height (7.94 cm, 40.98 cm and 54.88 at 60,90 DAS and at harvest, respectively), number of branches plant-1 (14.70 and 13.92 at 90 DAS and harvest respectively), number of umbels plant-1 (40.91), number of umbellates umbel-1 (17.4), number of seeds umbellate-1 (19.45), test weight (2.60 g), seed yield (892 kg ha 1), gross returns (Rs. 80,280 ha-1), net returns (Rs. 74,280 ha-1) and benefit: cost ratio (12.38). Crop geometry of 20 cm × 10 cm significantly resulted in highest plant height, number of branches plant-1 at all stages, number of umbels plant-1 (31.57), number of umbellates umbel-1 (14.72), number of seeds per umbellate (17.58), test weight (2.40 g), seed yield (507 kg ha-1), net returns (Rs. 39630 ha-1) and Benefit Cost Ratio (6.61). Therefore, sowing of anise on I5th October at 20 cm × 10 cm spacing was optimum for realising higher productivity and profitability of the crop. &nbsp

Effect of agronomic practices on productivity and profitability of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.)

A field experiment was carried out at Ajmer (Rajasthan) to find out the optimum sowing time and crop geometry for realising higher productivity and profitability in anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). Fifteen treatment combinations comprising of five dates of sowing viz., 15th October, 30th October, 15th November, 30th November and 15th December in main plot and three crop geometry viz., 20 cm × 10 cm, 25 cm × 10 cm and 30 cm × 10 cm spacing in sub plot were taken. The results revealed that sowing of anise on 15th October produced significantly higher plant height (7.94 cm, 40.98 cm and 54.88 at 60,90 DAS and at harvest, respectively), number of branches plant-1 (14.70 and 13.92 at 90 DAS and harvest respectively), number of umbels plant-1 (40.91), number of umbellates umbel-1 (17.4), number of seeds umbellate-1 (19.45), test weight (2.60 g), seed yield (892 kg ha 1), gross returns (Rs. 80,280 ha-1), net returns (Rs. 74,280 ha-1) and benefit: cost ratio (12.38). Crop geometry of 20 cm × 10 cm significantly resulted in highest plant height, number of branches plant-1 at all stages, number of umbels plant-1 (31.57), number of umbellates umbel-1 (14.72), number of seeds per umbellate (17.58), test weight (2.40 g), seed yield (507 kg ha-1), net returns (Rs. 39630 ha-1) and Benefit Cost Ratio (6.61). Therefore, sowing of anise on I5th October at 20 cm × 10 cm spacing was optimum for realising higher productivity and profitability of the crop. &nbsp

Effect of agronomic practices on productivity and profitability of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.)

A field experiment was carried out at Ajmer (Rajasthan) to find out the optimum sowing time and crop geometry for realising higher productivity and profitability in anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). Fifteen treatment combinations comprising of five dates of sowing viz., 15th October, 30th October, 15th November, 30th November and 15th December in main plot and three crop geometry viz., 20 cm × 10 cm, 25 cm × 10 cm and 30 cm × 10 cm spacing in sub plot were taken. The results revealed that sowing of anise on 15th October produced significantly higher plant height (7.94 cm, 40.98 cm and 54.88 at 60,90 DAS and at harvest, respectively), number of branches plant-1 (14.70 and 13.92 at 90 DAS and harvest respectively), number of umbels plant-1 (40.91), number of umbellates umbel-1 (17.4), number of seeds umbellate-1 (19.45), test weight (2.60 g), seed yield (892 kg ha 1), gross returns (Rs. 80,280 ha-1), net returns (Rs. 74,280 ha-1) and benefit: cost ratio (12.38). Crop geometry of 20 cm × 10 cm significantly resulted in highest plant height, number of branches plant-1 at all stages, number of umbels plant-1 (31.57), number of umbellates umbel-1 (14.72), number of seeds per umbellate (17.58), test weight (2.40 g), seed yield (507 kg ha-1), net returns (Rs. 39630 ha-1) and Benefit Cost Ratio (6.61). Therefore, sowing of anise on I5th October at 20 cm × 10 cm spacing was optimum for realising higher productivity and profitability of the crop. &nbsp

Effect of water stress on seed quality of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)

Twelve coriander (Coriandrum sativum) accessions comprising of released varieties, advancedbreeding material, regional and exotic collections were evaluated at Ajmer (Rajasthan) foreffect of water stress on seed quality parameters including total oil, essential oil, test weightand seed size. All the recorded parameters showed significant genotypic variation as well assignificant interaction of genotype with environment. Mid-term water stress did not haveadverse effect on the studied quality parameters while terminal water stress resulted inreduction in quality parameters in most of the accessions. &nbsp

Influence of sheep manure, vermicompost and biofertilizer on growth, yield and profitability of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) production

A field study on effect of various sources of organic manure (sheep manure and vermi compost) with and without biofertilizer (Azotobacter sp.) on performance of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) was conducted at Ajmer (Rajasthan) during rabi 2003, 2004 and 2005. Application of biofertilizer alone as well as in combination with sheep manure, vermicompost and recommended doses of fertilizer resulted in higher growth, yield attributes and yield over absolute control. The association of biofertilizers with all sources of nutrients proved beneficial and resulted in higher growth and yield. Application of recommended doses of fertilizer with seed inoculation by biofertilizer proved to be superior for realizing higher net return and benefit:cost ratio. &nbsp

Effect of irrigation, nutrient levels and crop geometry on growth and yield of dill (Anethum sowa L.)

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season at Ajmer (Rajasthan) to study the growth, profitability and productivity of dill (Anethum sowa L.) as influenced by irrigation and nutrient levels with varying crop geometry. Three irrigation levels (12, 15 and 18 days interval) in main plot, three nutrient levels (N and P2O5 each at 60 + 30, 90 + 40 and 120 + 50 kg ha-1, respectively) in sub plot and three crop geometry patterns (40 × 25 cm, 50 × 25 cm and 60 × 25 cm) in sub-sub plot were studied. The highest plant height at all the growth stages was recorded with irrigation at 12 days interval but higher branches plant-1, dry matter plant-1, yield attributes, seed yield, straw and biological yield of 1.2, 2.1 and 3.3 t ha-1 respectively, as well as net return (Rs.15,428 ha-1) and benefit : cost ratio (0.74) was recorded with irrigation at 15 days interval. Higher plant height, dry matter accumulation at all growth stages, yield attributes, seed yield (1.2 t ha-1), straw (2.1 t ha-1) and biological yield (3.3 t ha-1) as well a net return (Rs. 14,464/-) and benefit : cost ratio (0.69) were obtained with application of 90 kg N and 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 being at par with 120 kg N and 50 kg P2O5 ha-1. Crop geometry of 50 × 25 cm resulted in higher seed (1.2 t ha-1), straw (2.1 t ha-1) and biological yield (3.3 t ha-1) over 60 × 25 cm. Thus, application of irrigation at 15 days interval with 90 kg N and 40 kg P2 O5 ha-1 at 50 × 25 cm crop geometry was optimum for realizing higher yield, profitability and productivity of dill. &nbsp