Assessing the biology of fossil vertebrates through bone histology

Main articleSoon after death and burial of an animal, the organic components of bone generally decay. The closely associated inorganic components (mainly apatite) are more resilient and even after millions of years of burial, preserve the spatial organisation of the collagen fibres and hence the structure of the bone. In the past fossil bone histology has been the subject of substantial research. Such studies have included a wide array of extinct vertebrates including fishes, amphibians, pelycosaurs, therapsids, ichthyosaurs, pterosaurs, and dinosaurs. The relative rate ofbone formation is indicated by the texture of the fibrillar matrix, while the overall nature of the primary compact bone provides a direct assessment of whether bone deposition was continuous or interrupted. The amount of secondary bone formation depicts the extent of primary bone resorption and subsequent redeposition. In addition, the internal organisation of bone indicates remodelling and relocation processes of growth, including functional adaptations of the bone morphology. Thus, osteohistology reflects ontogeny, growth dynamics, biomechanical adaptations, as well as various events that punctuate the life history of an animal.the Foundation for Research and Development (SA), and by the National Science Foundation (USA)

Physiological implications of the bone histology of Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Theropoda)

Femora of Syntarsus rhodesiensis specimens of differing ontogenetic stages were sectioned and prepared for histological study. Features such as the structure of the cortical bone tissue, the degree of vascularisation and haversian substitution, and the general pattern of bone deposition through ontogeny, are described. The question of the bearing of bone histology on interpretation of the probable physiology of Syntarsus is also discussed

Impact of Composts on Disease Incidence in Vegetable Systems

NYS IPM Type: Project ReportOne characteristic of compost which might provide greater incentive for use by vegetable growers is suppression of soil-borne diseases in crops grown on compost-amended soils. Integrating compost into commercial vegetable production for disease suppression represents a long-term approach to enhance soil microbial activity and thereby increase system resilience to disease pressure

Exploring the Power of Topic Modeling Techniques in Analyzing Customer Reviews: A Comparative Analysis

The exponential growth of online social network platforms and applications has led to a staggering volume of user-generated textual content, including comments and reviews. Consequently, users often face difficulties in extracting valuable insights or relevant information from such content. To address this challenge, machine learning and natural language processing algorithms have been deployed to analyze the vast amount of textual data available online. In recent years, topic modeling techniques have gained significant popularity in this domain. In this study, we comprehensively examine and compare five frequently used topic modeling methods specifically applied to customer reviews. The methods under investigation are latent semantic analysis (LSA), latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), pachinko allocation model (PAM), Top2Vec, and BERTopic. By practically demonstrating their benefits in detecting important topics, we aim to highlight their efficacy in real-world scenarios. To evaluate the performance of these topic modeling methods, we carefully select two textual datasets. The evaluation is based on standard statistical evaluation metrics such as topic coherence score. Our findings reveal that BERTopic consistently yield more meaningful extracted topics and achieve favorable results.Comment: 13 page

Malaysia tourism and economic growth: Input output analysis

Tourism sector is an important sector that many countries are focusing on the development of tourism sector. There are many studies show there is a significant relationship between tourism sector and economic growth. The objective of this study is to see how significant the tourism sector extension would give impact on the Malaysia GDP and other macroeconomics aspects. The method used in this study is input output analysis. Using Malaysia input output table 2010, the 124 commodities were aggregated into main sectors in Malaysia and disaggregate the tourism sector. After that, the technical coefficient were calculate to the see the direct requirement of input needed by the sector to produce outputs. Then the multiplier effect which is the output multiplier and export of tourism sector multiplier and also the backward and forward linkages between tourism and non-tourism sectors in Malaysia. The multipliers shows that the tourism sector contributes to Malaysia economic by generating output and the export of tourism sector. Besides that, the interlinkages between sectors shows that there are strong linkages between tourism sectors with other sectors. It creates the demand and supply of outputs that can stimulates the economy

Optimizing Multi-Class Text Classification: A Diverse Stacking Ensemble Framework Utilizing Transformers

Customer reviews play a crucial role in assessing customer satisfaction, gathering feedback, and driving improvements for businesses. Analyzing these reviews provides valuable insights into customer sentiments, including compliments, comments, and suggestions. Text classification techniques enable businesses to categorize customer reviews into distinct categories, facilitating a better understanding of customer feedback. However, challenges such as overfitting and bias limit the effectiveness of a single classifier in ensuring optimal prediction. This study proposes a novel approach to address these challenges by introducing a stacking ensemble-based multi-text classification method that leverages transformer models. By combining multiple single transformers, including BERT, ELECTRA, and DistilBERT, as base-level classifiers, and a meta-level classifier based on RoBERTa, an optimal predictive model is generated. The proposed stacking ensemble-based multi-text classification method aims to enhance the accuracy and robustness of customer review analysis. Experimental evaluations conducted on a real-world customer review dataset demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach over traditional single classifier models. The stacking ensemble-based multi-text classification method using transformers proves to be a promising solution for businesses seeking to extract valuable insights from customer reviews and make data-driven decisions to enhance customer satisfaction and drive continuous improvement

In Vitro Micropropagation of Trichopus Zeylanicus Gaetn. Through Seed Explant

Trichopus zeylanicus Gaertn. belonging to family Trichopodaceae is a rare herb with extraordinary medicinal properties found in the Agasthyar hills in Thiruvananthapuram of Kerala.  Trichopus zeylanicus Gaertn.  was regenerated in vitro on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combination of auxins and cytokinins. The effect of phytohormones on in vitro establishment of explants, production of multiple shoots and rooting of established shoots were studied. MS medium supplemented with 4.44 mM BAP produced maximum of 32 multiple shoots from seed explant. MS medium supplemented with 2.46 mM IBA induced maximum rooting. The rooted plantlets were acclimatized with a survival rate of 75 per cent to 80 per cent. Key words: Micropropagation, Trichopus zeylanicus Gaertn., Multiple shoots, Seeds

Modeling and Simulation of a Single Phase Matrix Converter with Reduce Switch Count as a Buck/Boost Rectifier with Close Loop Control

This Paper focused on Buck/Boost Rectification by Single Phase Matrix Converter with fewer numbers of switches. The conventional matrix converter consists of 4 bidirectional switches, i.e. 8 set of IGBT/MOSFET with anti parallel diodes. In this proposed matrix converter, only six switches are used. The switch commutation arrangements are also carried out in this work. The gate pulses to the switches are provided by the PWM techniques. Step up or step down DC outputs can be obtained by using suitable switching algorithm. The PSIM simulation results are provided to validate the feasibility of this proposed method